Djibouti country profile
Lying on the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, the tiny African nation of Djibouti serves as a gateway to the Suez Canal, one of the world's busiest shipping routes.
Its port is the lifeblood of its economy, providing the biggest source of income and employment in this otherwise barren country.
Djibouti's proximity to restive areas in Africa and the Middle East and its relative stability have made it a prized location for foreign military bases and ensured a steady flow of foreign assistance.
Former colonial power France maintains a significant military presence. The country also hosts America's largest military base in Africa, China's first overseas military base and Japan's first military base since the Second World War.
Djibouti serves as the main gateway for trade for its giant neighbour, landlocked Ethiopia.
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FACTS
The Republic of Djibouti
Capital: Djibouti
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Population 942,000
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Area 23,200 sq km (8,950 sq miles)
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Languages French, Arabic, Somali, Afar
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Religion Islam
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Life expectancy 61 years (men), 64 years (women)
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Currency Djiboutian franc
LEADER
President: Ismail Omar Guelleh
Ismail Omar Guelleh came to power in elections in 1999, succeeding Hassan Gouled Aptidon, who led the country for two decades since independence.
His re-election as president in 2005 was seen as somewhat of a formality given the opposition's boycott of the election.
He further consolidated his power when a change to the constitution in 2010 allowed him to stand for a third term. The 2011 presidential election was again boycotted by the opposition.
With no strong challenger, Mr Guelleh won a fourth term of office in the April 2016 presidential election.
Born in Ethiopia in 1947, Mr Guelleh, like his predecessor, belongs to the Mamassans, a sub-clan of the Issa. His family moved to Djibouti in 1960 and eight years later he joined the intelligence services, rising through the ranks to become head of state security in 1977.
MEDIA
Djibouti's media environment is dominated by the state. There are no private TV or radio stations and the government owns the main newspaper and the national broadcaster Radiodiffusion-Television de Djibouti (RTD).
The few opposition media outlets are based outside the country and opposition websites are closely monitored by the authorities.
Internet access costs are beyond the reach of most people and most users go online at cyber cafes.
TIMELINE
Some key dates in Djibouti's history:
825 - Somali and Afar ethnic groups become first Africans to embrace Islam in the region.
1862 - France gains a foothold in the region, acquiring the trading port of Obock.
1888 - French colony of Somaliland established.
1894 - Djibouti becomes the capital of French Somaliland.
1946 - Djibouti becomes a French overseas territory.
1967 - Referendum - French Somaliland votes to remain a French Overseas Territory, renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas.
1977 - Independence from France, renamed Republic of Djibouti.
1991-2000 - Civil war: Ends with a power-sharing agreement between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government.
2003 - First free multi-party presidential election.
2010 - Constitution amended enabling President Omar Guelleh to run for a third term.
