There are four new MPs in Hertfordshire, but only one represents a change of party:

• In St Albans, Liberal Democrat Daisy Cooper has taken the seat from Conservative Anne Main
• Conservative Gagan Mohindra held the seat of South West Hertfordshire, despite a challenge from former Tory MP for the seat David Gauke, who had the whip removed after he voted against the government and stood as an independent
• In Hertford and Stortford, Conservative candidate Julie Marson has held the seat for the Tories after Mark Prisk stood down
• In Watford, Dean Russell has been elected MP for Watford, meaning that the Conservative Party holds the seat with an increased majority. He beat Labour's Chris Ostrowski by 4,433 votes, more than double Richard Harrington’s 2,092 vote majority in 2017
• Elsewhere, all the Conservative candidates held their seats. Oliver Heald held Hertfordshire North East, Transport Secretary Grant Shapps retained his seat of Welwyn Hatfield, Bim Afolami held Hitchin and Harpenden, Stephen McPartlandwas re-elected as the MP for Stevenage.
• In Hertsmere, Oliver Dowden has been re-elected, Sir Mike Penning has held Hemel Hempstead and in Broxbourne, Charles Walker has held his seat. .

Mike Penning has been re-elected as the MP for Hemel Hempstead, with an increased majority.

The Conservative candidate beat Labour's Nabila Ahmed by 14,563 votes, 5,118 more votes than the majority at the 2017 election.

Sammy Barry of the Liberal Democrats came third and the Green Party's Sherief Hassan came fourth.

• General election 2019: Latest national results
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Voter turnout was down by 0.7 percentage points since the last general election.

More than 51,000 people, 69.5% of those eligible to vote, went to polling stations across the area on Thursday, in the first December general election since 1923.

One of the four candidates, Sherief Hassan (Green) lost his £500 deposit after failing to win 5% of the vote.

This story was created using some automation.

Conservative Sir Mike Penning has held on to the Hertfordshire seat of Hemel Hempstead, increasing his majority by more than 5,000.

UK Parliament

Sir Mike, who is an ardent Brexiteer, won 28,968 votes, beating his Labour rival Nabila Ahmed, who won 14,405 votes.

The seat saw a 5.2% swing to the Conservatives.

Many parts of Hertfordshire represent "safe Tory territory" and sitting MPs were able to consolidate their support in spite of big swings to Labour.

Conservative Oliver Heald boosted his share of the vote in Hertfordshire North East by 3.3% to take a 58.6% share with Labour's Doug Swanney trailing on 28.3%. UKIP again failed to field a candidate.

Mike Penning held Hemel Hempstead for the Tories witha 9,445 majority and 55% of the vote, a 2.1% boost, with Labour's Mandi Tattershall increasing her share by 13.1% to take 36.9%.

In Hertsmere Conservative Oliver Dowden took a 61.1% share following a marginal 1.8% increase with Fiona Smith for Labour on 28.7% and UKIP's David Hoy losing 9.7% of his party's vote share.

David Gauke in Hertfordshire South West won 57.9% of the vote share for the Tories with Rob Wakely boosting Labour's share by 9.4%, exactly the amount lost by UKIP.

Another win for the Tories in Hemel Hempstead, with Mike Penning returning with more than 2,000 extra votes on 2015.

But again Labour can claim some success, with candidate Mandi Tattershall gaining the vast majority of previous UKIP support in the town.

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Here's the breakdown:

• Mike Penning: Con 28,735
• Mandi Tattershall: Lab 19,290
• Sally Symington: LD 3,233
• Sherief Hassan: Green 1,024