ਰਾਜਵੀਰ
Hello! Welcome to English Together! ਕੀ ਪਲਾਸਟਿਕ ਦਾ ਕੋਈ ਬਦਲ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ? ਜਾਂ ਫ਼ਿਰ ਇਸਦੀ ਮੁੜ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ? ਕੁਝ ਸਮਾਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਇੱਕ ਮੈਕਸੀਕਨ ਖੋਜੀ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਕੈਕਟਸ ਦੇ ਜੂਸ ਤੋਂ biodegradable plastic ਬਣਾਈ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ।
ਅੱਜ ਆਪਾਂ ਇਸੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਾਂਗੇ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਕੁਝ collocations ਬਾਰੇ ਵੀ ਸਮਝਾਂਗੇ। ਜਿਵੇਂ ਅਸੀਂ ਜਿਹੜੀ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਸੁਣਨ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ ਉਸ ਵਿੱਚ ‘make’ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ।
ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੀ ਇਸਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੀ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਸ਼ਾਲੀ ਬਣਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ।

Roy
Did you know that you can’t recycle black plastic? I had no idea until a friend told me yesterday. It didn’t really make sense until my friend explained it.

Sam
It didn’t make sense? You mean, you couldn’t understand it? Well, you can recycle it, but many recycling machines can’t ‘see’ black plastic. This is because the machine uses light to make sure it’s plastic, but black absorbs light. It thinks that it can’t be recycled because of this. It’s sad that some other types of plastic can’t be recycled.

Roy
True!  A researcher in Mexico made a breakthrough recently. They made a discovery of how to turn cacti into plastic. It’s biodegradable, which means when it breaks down, it doesn’t hurt the planet. You can even eat it, but I don’t imagine it tastes great!  

Sam
You can eat it?! You mean it’s edible?! That’s great if the cactus plastic ends up in the sea. If birds and fish eat it, it won’t hurt them.

Roy
Yes, and there’s already a lot of plastic in the oceans.  Recently, someone found a plastic bag on the floor of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.

Sam
There’s plastic at the bottom of the deepest natural place on the planet? That’s really sad! We need more alternatives to plastic to make changes to help the environment.

Roy
There’s an alternative to plastic being used in some supermarkets in Thailand. They have started using banana leaves as packaging instead of plastic. Also, since 2015, shoppers have had to pay for plastic bags in supermarkets in the U.K. As a result, the number of plastic bags being used in the UK has dropped.

ਰਾਜਵੀਰ
ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ make ਸ਼ਬਦ ਨੂੰ ਅਲੱਗ ਅਲੱਗ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ ਇਸਤੇਮਾਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ‘make sure’ ਪੱਕਾ ਕਰਨਾ, ‘make a breakthrough’  ਸਫ਼ਲ ਹੋਣਾ, ‘make changes’  ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ ਕਰਨਾ  ‘make a discovery’  ਕਿਸੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਚੀਜ਼ ਦੀ ਖੋਜ ਕਰਨਾ,  ‘make sense’ ਯਾਨੀ ਇਸ ਗੱਲ ਦੇ ਕੋਈ ਅਰਥ ਹਨ ਕੋਈ ਤੁੱਕ ਬਣਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹਨਾਂ ਸਭ ਵਿੱਚ make ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਕੋਈ ਹੋਰ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਜੋੜਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਨਵੇਂ ਅਰਥਾਂ ਵਾਲਾ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹੋਂਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ।

Sam
It’s amazing that cacti can be turned into plastic, but there’s so many others ways plants and trees can be used. Wood, for example, is a good material for houses in countries that have a lot of earthquakes. It’s more resistant to earthquakes than concrete or metal.

Roy
Wood is also renewable, which means we can use it again. Plants can be used to make fuel for cars. This is an alternative to petrol. Brazil is one of the largest producers of biofuel in the world. It’s much better than petrol and makes progress towards a better world.

Sam
Plants can also be used to make products that protect other plants from insects. This is a natural way for farmers to protect their land. It’s not as dangerous as man-made chemicals and makes our lives better.

Roy
The most obvious things are the chairs and tables made of wood in our house, and so much of the food we eat.  Plants are an important source of vitamins, which the body needs. The body cannot make these vitamins on its own.

Sam
The clothes you wear could be made from plants, so they help to keep you warm. Things like t-shirts are made from cotton.

Roy  
There are so many uses for plants and trees. They even make your houses look nicer with flowers and all those lovely green leaves. They really make a difference to our lives.

ਰਾਜਵੀਰ
Well that’s all we have time for this week’s English Together, ਅਸੀਂ  make ਸ਼ਬਦ ਨਾਲ collocations ਸਿੱਖੀਆਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ‘make progress’, ਤਰੱਕੀ ਕਰਨਾ, ‘make something better’, ਕਿਸੇ ਚੀਜ਼ ਨੂੰ ਹੋਰ ਬਹਿਤਰ ਬਣਾਉਣਾ  ਅਤੇ  ‘make a difference’ ਕੋਈ ਫ਼ਰਕ ਦਰਸਾਉਣਾ। ਇਸਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਅੱਜ ਦੀ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਕਰਨਾ। Join us again next week for more vocabulary lessons. Bye!