Levels of organisation
Plants and animals consist of different types of cell that work together. Animal and plant cells have certain structures in common. Many cells are specialised and are adapted for their function.
Cell structure
Animal cells and plant cells have certain structures in common.
| Structure | Function |
|---|---|
| Cytoplasm | Where most of the chemical reactions happen |
| Nucleus | Contains genetic material which controls the cell’s activities |
| Cell membrane | Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell |
| Mitochondria | Where most energy is released in respiration |
| Ribosomes | Where protein synthesis happens |
Plant cells have additional structures.
| Structure | Function |
|---|---|
| Chloroplasts | Absorb light energy for photosynthesis |
| Cell wall | Strengthens the cell and supports the plant |
| Permanent vacuole | Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid |
Animal cells may also have vacuoles, but these are small and temporary.