Solving simultaneous equations by substitution

Substitution method

Example

Solve the simultaneous equations:

\[y = 2x\]

\[x + y = 6\]

One way to solve them is by using the substitution method.

Begin by labelling the equations (1) and (2):

\(y = 2x\)(1)

\(x + y = 6\)(2)

Equation (1) tells you that \(y = 2x\), so substitute this value of \(y\) into the second equation, ie replace \({y}\) with \({2x}\).

\[x + 2x = 6\]

\[3x = 6\]

\[x = 2\]

This gives you the value of \(x\), but what is the value of \(y\)?

Equation (1) tells you that \(y = 2x\), so \(y\) must be \(4\).

You can check your answer in the other equation - in this case, (2).

\[2 + 4 = 6\]

This is right, so the values are correct.

The solution of the equations is therefore:

\(x=2\), \(y=4\)

Question

Use the substitution method to solve the following simultaneous equations:

\[y = x + 2\]

\[2x + y = 11\]

First label the equations.

\(y = x + 2\)(1)

\(2x + y = 11\)(2)

Substitute the value of \(y\) from equation (1) into equation (2):

\[2x + (x + 2) = 11\]

\[3x + 2 = 11\]

\[3x = 9\]

\[x = 3\]

To find \(y\) use this \(x\) value in equation (1): \(y = x + 2 = 3 + 2 = 5\)

Check in equation (2): \((2 \times 3) + 5 = 11\) (which is correct)

So the solution is:

\(x = 3\), \(y = 5\)