Animals and plants are made of cells. Tissues are made from cells of a similar type. Organs are made from tissues, and systems are made from several organs working together.
Animal cells usually have an irregular shape, and plant cells usually have a regular shape. Cells are made up of different parts.
It is easier to describe these parts by using diagrams:
Animal cells and plant cells both contain:
Plant cells also contain these parts, which are not found in animal cells:
The table summarises the functions of these parts:
Part | Function | Found in |
---|---|---|
Cell membrane | Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell | Plant and animal cells |
Cytoplasm | Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions happen | Plant and animal cells |
Nucleus | Carries genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell | Plant and animal cells |
Mitochondria | Where most respiration reactions happen | Plant and animal cells |
Vacuole | Contains a liquid called cell sap, which keeps the cell firm | Plant cells only |
Cell wall | Made of a tough substance called cellulose, which supports the cell | Plant cells only |
Chloroplasts | Structures which contain the green pigment chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis | Plant cells only |
The key features and functions of plant and animal cells explained