Cells to systems
Animals and plants are made of cells. Tissues are made from cells of a similar type. Organs are made from tissues, and systems are made from several organs working together.
Part of
Animal cells and plant cells
Animal cells usually have an irregular shape, and plant cells usually have a regular shape. Cells are made up of different parts.
It is easier to describe these parts by using diagrams:
Animal cells and plant cells both contain:
Plant cells also contain these parts, which are not found in animal cells:
The table summarises the functions of these parts:
| Part | Function | Found in |
|---|---|---|
| Cell membrane | Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell | Plant and animal cells |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions happen | Plant and animal cells |
| Nucleus | Carries genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell | Plant and animal cells |
| Mitochondria | Where most respiration reactions happen | Plant and animal cells |
| Vacuole | Contains a liquid called cell sap, which keeps the cell firm | Plant cells only |
| Cell wall | Made of a tough substance called cellulose, which supports the cell | Plant cells only |
| Chloroplasts | Structures which contain the green pigment chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis | Plant cells only |
The key features and functions of plant and animal cells explained