Recently scientists have developed techniques to improve the quality of life of individuals or prevent births with serious medical conditions. A key principle for Buddhists is ahimsa (non-violence).
In 2000 a Scottish couple were involved in a fight to be able to choose the sex of their baby through IVF. Their only daughter, Nicole, had died in a bonfire accident the year before. They wanted to use Pre-Implantation Genetic Screening to ensure that their next child was a girl.
Using Pre-Implantation Genetic Screening to choose the gender of a child is illegal in the UK. The only exceptions are when there is medical need for this to happen. The couple in this news article sought a change to the guidelines to allow them to do this.