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Terracottapolis

Workers produced massive amounts of terracotta at Dennis Ruabon brickworks, once earning the Wrexham village of Ruabon the nickname Terracottapolis.


In fact, the famous red bricks have been used in lots of Liverpool buildings such as Liverpool University, writes Brendon Williams from BBC News.

And the famous Dennis Ruabon tile factory has been playing the biggest part in leaving this distinctive mark across the urban landscape since Victorian times.

Dennis Ruabon

For Dennis Ruabon it all began with the discovery of vast quantities of high quality Etruria Marl clay in the Ruabon area in the 19th Century heralded the beginning of tile and terracotta production on a vast scale.


It also brought prosperity to factory owners and jobs to workers in villages like Ruabon and Gresford.

By the turn of the 20th Century, several factories employed roughly 2,000 people. Workers produced massive amounts of terracotta, earning the village of Ruabon the nickname Terracottapolis.

But it was for the distinctive red bricks from that the area - especially Ruabon - became famous. The material was so popular it was used to build schools, hospitals, universities, law courts, pubs and other key buildings in cities across the UK [Listen to the audio to hear more about its use in Liverpool].

The most famous of the industrialists in Wrexham in the late 19th Century was Henry Dennis, who founded the company in 1878 that would later become Dennis Ruabon Tiles Ltd. Dennis, born in Bodmin, Cornwall, studied civil engineering and travelled to Wales to supervise construction of a tramway at the Llangollen slate quarry.

After a stint in Spain at a lead mine, he later returned to Wales after amassing a considerable personal fortune. Dennis became managing director of the Hafod Colliery and by 1878, had established the Hafod Brickworks. The business flourished at a time when demand for the red bricks and terracotta was high.

By 1893, a new factory which became known as the "Red Works", was constructed on the site where the present-day building still stands. There, workers produced ridge tiles, chimney pots, tiles and other products using 24 coal-fired "Beehive" kilns.

The "Red Works" became one of the region's most famous factories. In Cardiff Bay, Ruabon produced the terracotta murals for the side of the Pier Head building.

By the time of his death in 1906, Dennis had established himself as a giant of the industry, ensuring that his firm - and the name of Ruabon - had been forever cemented in British architectural history.

He also had interests in collieries, lead mines and water and gas, and is thought to have employed up to 10,000 people.

Under the control of his son, Henry Dyke Dennis, the Hafod brickworks became a private limited company in 1934 - Dennis Ruabon Limited - and continued to produce materials including tiles, chimney pots and ornamental terracotta.

In 1944, Dennis's grandson, Patrick Gill Dyke Dennis, took control and launched a modernisation programme. By the end of the 1970s, brick production had largely ended, and the company concentrated its efforts on making quarry tiles.

By the 1980s, another modernisation programme was underway which included a new factory and a computer-controlled kiln. In 2001, the company became Dennis Ruabon Tiles Limited, and expanded by also taking control of the Hawkins quarry tile business. Shortly after, it developed a new range of products which included paving tiles.

In 2008, new owners, Ruabon Sales Ltd, took over.


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