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Science Biology

Vertebrates

The animal kingdom is divided into vertebrates and invertebrates. The vertebrates have backbones, and the invertebrates do not have backbones.

Groups of vertebrates

There are five groups of vertebrates:
  • reptiles
  • amphibians
  • fish
  • birds
  • mammals
The table shows some of their key features. Remember that they all have backbones.

Group Examples   Key features
Reptiles
  • Crocodile
  • Lizard
  • Snake
Image: crocodile
  • Cold-blooded
  • Have lungs
  • Dry scaly skin
  • Lay leathery-shelled eggs
Amphibians
  • Frog
  • Newt
  • Salamander
Image: frog
  • Cold-blooded
  • Adults have lungs, larvae have gills
  • Moist skin
  • Lay jelly-coated eggs in water
Fish
  • Goldfish
  • Shark
  • Cod
Image: fish
  • Cold-blooded
  • Have gills
  • Wet scales
  • Lay eggs in water
Birds
  • Budgerigar
  • Sparrow
  • Ostrich
Image: bird
  • Warm-blooded
  • Have lungs
  • Feathers on body
  • Lay eggs with hard shells
  • Have wings
Mammals
  • Rabbit
  • Kangaroo
  • Human
  • Dolphin
Image: rabbit
  • Warm-blooded
  • Have lungs
  • Have body hair or fur
  • Give birth to live young
  • Produce milk


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