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- aerial photograph
- An aerial photograph is usually taken from an aircraft or hot air balloon and shows the landscape beneath.
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- ancient civilisation
- An ancient civilisation is one which existed over 1,500 years ago.
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- archaeologist
- An archaeologist is a person who studies ancient civilisations by examining the materials they left behind. These materials can include buildings, pottery, graves and tools.
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- artefact
- An artefact is an object that has been made by a person. Archaeologists use artefacts to learn about the past.
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- BC
- BC is the abbreviation for Before Christ - which is before the Christian era.
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- border
- A border is a boundary line that separates political or geographic regions.
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- carnelian
- Carnelian is a reddish-brown stone used in jewellery making.
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- ceramic
- Ceramic is a hard, heat-resistant material made by firing clay at a high temperature.
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- citadel
- A citadel is a fortified place, usually in a raised position in or near a city.
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- civilisation
- A civilisation is a culture and society that developed in a region at a particular time.
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- compass
- A compass is a device that shows the direction of the magnetic or true north.
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- decipher
- To decipher writing means to read or interpret difficult or coded writing.
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- detective
- A detective is a person who investigates crimes by finding evidence.
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- evidence
- Materials or facts that can help you form a conclusion or judgment about something.
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- excavate
- To excavate an area is to uncover it by digging or removing earth.
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- excavation map
- An excavation map shows the site where an archaeologist is searching for artefacts.
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- exist
- To be alive at a certain point in time.
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- kiln
- A kiln is a very hot oven used to bake and harden materials such as clay and bricks.
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- minerals
- Minerals are natural substances like gold, silver, stone or sand.
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- museum
- A museum is a building that houses artefacts that have a historical value.
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- mythical
- If something is mythical, it is imaginary or made-up.
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- niche
- A space in a wall for displaying a statue.
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- physical feature
- A physical feature is a land shape formed by nature. Mountains and deserts are examples of physical features.
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- port city
- A port city is a city by the sea, where boats can dock and people can buy or sell goods.
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- resources
- Resources are the raw materials people use for building or making things.
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- record
- A record is information or data that has been collected and kept.
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- rise
- The beginning or source of a river.
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- settlement
- A settlement is a place where people live together, such as a village, town or city.
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- site
- An archaeological site is an area that archaeologists are investigating.
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- steatite
- Steatite is a soft stone which can be carved using metal tools. Steatite hardens when it is fired in a kiln.
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- terracotta
- Terracotta is clay that has been baked at a high temperature to make it hard and waterproof.
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- vertical
- When something is vertical, it is standing straight up.
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