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Nuclear fission and fusion

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Nuclear fusion

Nuclear fusion involves two atomic nuclei joining to make a large nucleus. Energy is released when this happens.

The Sun and other stars use nuclear fusion to release energy. The sequence of nuclear fusion reactions in a star is complex, but overall hydrogen nuclei join to form helium nuclei. Here is one nuclear fusion reaction that takes place:

hydrogen-1 nuclei fuse with hydrogen-2 nuclei to make helium-3 nuclei

A hyrdogen-1 nucleus is made of 1 proton. This can combine with a hydrogen-2 nucleus (which has one proton and one neutron) to form a new nucleus with two protons and one neutron. This is the nucleus of helium-3. So helium-3 has been formed by fusing the hyrodgen-1 and hydrogen-2 nuclei.

nuclei collide and fuse together

A nuclear fusion reaction showing the nuclei involved

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