Output Transducers

An output transducer is an output device which works by changing one form of energy (eg electrical energy) into another form of energy (eg sound or light energy).

Loudspeakers

Loudspeakers (and headphones) are output transducers that change electrical energy into sound. Most loudspeakers are moving coil types. The core of the loudspeaker vibrates in and out very quickly. This produces sound waves that can be picked up by the human ear.

Most loud speakers have a resistance value of 8 Ohms. You need to take this value into account when matching the loudspeaker up with the electronic circuit that will operate it.

Digital displays

Digital displays are transducers that change electrical energy into light energy. Digital displays can be found in watches, microwave ovens, mobile phones and car dashboard displays.

Two common types of digital display are seven-segment displays and liquid-crystal displays. Resistors should be used in series with the displays to prevent the diode segments from being damaged.

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