Episode image for Kidnapped: A Georgian Adventure

Duration: 1 hour

In 1728, 12-year-old James Annesley was snatched from the streets of Dublin and sold into slavery in America - the victim of a wicked uncle hell-bent on stealing his massive inheritance. Dan Cruickshank traces James's astonishing journey from the top table of 18th century society to its murky depths. The story, which helped inspire Robert Louis Stevenson's book Kidnapped, reveals some disturbing home truths that cast a shadow over the century of the Enlightenment.

Last on

Fri 12 Aug 2011 01:00 BBC Four

Music played

26 items
  • John Dutton Kidnapped Theme

  • Artist Image for James McNally

    James McNally Irish Boy (Theme from Cal)

  • Artist Image for Jem Finer

    Jem Finer Dingle Regatta

  • John Dutton Beautiful Vision

  • Artist Image for Morrissey

    Morrissey Irish Blood, English Heart

  • Artist Image for Mogwai

    Mogwai The Precipice

  • John Dutton Silent Valley

  • John Dutton Dream on the River

  • Artist Image for Tindersticks

    Tindersticks Whiskey and Water

  • John Dutton This is Fear

  • Artist Image for Daniel Cossu

    Daniel Cossu Dark & Stormy Night

  • Artist Image for Jem Finer

    Jem Finer Dingle Regatta

  • Artist Image for The Coral

    The Coral Fireflies

  • Artist Image for Spiritualized

    Spiritualized Broken Heart

  • Artist Image for Stiff Little Fingers

    Stiff Little Fingers Johnny Was

  • John Dutton Enganadoro

  • John Dutton Night Patrol

  • Artist Image for Mogwai

    Mogwai The Precipice

  • John Dutton Night Patrol

  • John Dutton Ship to America

  • John Dutton Slave Prisoner

  • John Dutton Escape

  • John Dutton Les Champs de Pluie

  • John Dutton Final Boat

  • John Dutton Enganadoro

  • John Dutton Case of the Silver Earring

  • What Dan Cruickshank discovered whilst making Kidnapped: A Georgian Adventure

    What Dan Cruickshank discovered whilst making Kidnapped: A Georgian Adventure

    What surprised me during the research for this programme was the scale of the institution of indentured servitude, its role in the establishment of the British colonies in North America and the ethical complexity of the role played by the Founding Fathers of the new nation of the United States.

    Typically the indenture or contract involved a person ‘selling’ themselves into servitude and in return for their travel costs to the New World they undertook to work without wages for a specified period, usually two years. And these years of servitude could be tough indeed - the indentured servant had no more freedom than a slave, they were bought and sold as chattels, pursued if they absconded, could have their period of servitude extended as a punishment, be whipped or branded. When their servitude finally expired they were free to wander - perhaps rewarded with some money, goods - and even a little land on which they could settle, all according to the vague and arbitrary ‘customs of the country.’

    This was the brutal fate that befell of those who had voluntarily entered into the contract. It was, perhaps, something they could and should have anticipated. But many who found themselves imposed upon by the harsh terms of servitude had not voluntarily and knowingly agreed a contract. Some were ‘persuaded’ when drunk, exploited because of their destitution or simply kidnapped - and these numbers included many children - tempting targets for professional abductors, called ‘spirits’, because children were more defenseless that adults and - if strong - more tempting as labour for plantation owners in the New World.

    On my journey in North America, while telling the story of one of the kidnapped - James Annesley - I explored those areas where indentured servants and slaves had been auctioned and where they toiled in the early 18th century. Black slaves, who had no hope of final freedom and so whose lot was far worse than that of indentured servants, were landed and worked mainly in the central and southern colonies. I went to Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, where many indentured servants from the British Isles and Germany were landed.

    Little has changed for over 250 years in the former Delaware state capital of New Castle. Here the thirteen year old James Annesley was landed in 1728 after his abduction in Dublin and auctioned by the ship’s captain, seemingly armed with a fraudulent indenture. James was to be imprisoned in the American colonies for thirteen years - serving a succession of brutal masters - before escaping back to Ireland and England and a prolonged legal battle to gain his birthright. This was an inheritance of great value, including large estates and five aristocratic titles that had been stolen from James by the wicked uncle that had orchestrated his kidnap.

  • Dan Cruickshank on Hopkins family farm

    Dan Cruickshank on Hopkins family farm

    Dan Cruickshank and Eric Hopkins on the farm where James Annesley worked in harsh conditions for many years before escaping back to Ireland to fight for his fortune.

  • Dan Cruickshank on tall ship Kalmar Nyckel

    Dan Cruickshank on tall ship Kalmar Nyckel

    Dan Cruickshank on tall ship Kalmar Nyckel. James Annesley would have travelled to America on a ship like this.

  • Kidnapped: A Georgian Adventure filming locations

    USA

    • Kalmar Nyckel ship at Lewes, Delaware. Contact Kalmar Nyckel Foundation, 1124 East 7th Street, Wilmington, DE 19801

    • Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5699, USA

    • New Castle, Delaware, USA

    IRELAND

    • Dunmain House, New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland

    • Ballywalter Game & Country Living Fair, Ballywalter, County Down, Northern Ireland

    • Henrietta Street, Dublin

    • The King's Hospital, Palmerstown, Dublin 20, Ireland

    • House of Lords, Bank of Ireland, 2 College Green, Dublin

    • The Curragh Racecourse, Co. Kildare, Ireland

    • The horse market, Smithfield, Dublin

    • Hanover Quay, Dublin 2

    • 25 Eustace Street, Temple Bar, Dublin 2

    LONDON

    • Westminster Hall, London

    • St. Margaret’s Church, Lee Terrace, Lee, London, SE13 5BT

    • The Cleveland Street Workhouse, London

    NORFOLK

    • Gressenhall Workhouse & Farm, Gressenhall, Dereham, Norfolk

  • Kidnapped: A Georgian Adventure book list

    Birthright: The True Story that Inspired "Kidnapped" by A. Roger Ekirch. 2010.

    The Case of the Honourable James Annesley, Esq.; Being a Sequel to the Memoirs of an Unfortunate Young Nobleman by James Annesley

    French and Indian Cruelty: Exemplified in the Life, and Various Vicissitudes of Fortune of Peter Williamson by Peter Williamson, Michael Fry

Credits

Series Producer
Mary Sackville-West
Presenter
Dan Cruickshank
Director
Tim Dunn
Producer
Tim Dunn
Executive Producer
Helen Thomas

Broadcasts

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