Timeline for Ancient Eygpt
Late Predynastic Period
3100-2950 BC
 Earliest known hieroglyphic writing
Foundation of the Egyptian state
Early Dynastic Period (First-Third Dynasties)
2950-2575 BC
Creation of the capital city of Memphis
Intensive contact with Palestine
The earliest form of pyramid is built – the Step Pyramid at Saqqara – by Djoser
Old Kingdom (4th-8th Dynasties)
2575-2150 BC
The Old Kingdom or the 'Pyramid Age' heralds the golden age of Pyramid building
The first king of the Fourth Dynasty, Sneferu, comes to power
Sneferu builds the two Pyramids at Dahshur – the Bent Pyramid and the North or Red Pyramid
Khufu – Sneferu's son and the second king of the Fourth Dynasty - inherits the throne
The Great Pyramid of Cheops (also known as Khufu) is built at Giza
Pyramids and elite tombs include the first extensive inscriptions
First Intermediate Period (Ninth-11th Dynasties)
2125-1975 BC
Egypt splits into two smaller states, ruled from Memphis in the north and Thebes in the south
Middle Kingdom (11th-14th Dynasties)
1975-1640 BC
Mentuhotep reunites Egypt
Amenemhat I founds a new royal residence near Memphis
Egypt conquers Lower Nubia under Senwosret I and III
Classical period of art and literature
Second Intermediate Period (15th-17th Dynasties)
1630-1520 BC
Hyksos kings seize power in the north
Theban 17th dynasty in the south
New Kingdom (18th -20th Dynasties)
1539-1075 BC
Egyptian empire in Near East and Nubia
Elaborate tombs of the Valley of the Kings
Rule of woman pharaoh Hatshepsut
King Akhenaten attempts to introduce a monothesistic religion
Brief reign of Tutankhamun
Ramesses II rules for 67 years
Third Intermediate Period (21st-25th Dynasties)
1075-715 BC
Disunity and Libyan settlement in Egypt
Nubians conquer Egypt (late eighth century)
Late Period (20th-30th Dynasties, 2nd Persian Period)
715-332 BC
Egypt conquered briefly by Assyrians
Cultural revival under kings from Sais
Persian conquest of Egypt (525 BC)
Egypt independent again (404-343 BC)
Greco-Roman Period (Macedonians, Ptolemies, and Romans)
332 BC-395 AD
Alexander the Great occupies Egypt
Alexander's general, Ptolemy, becomes king and founds a dynasty
The Rosetta Stone is carved (196 BC)
Cleopatra VII reigns (51-30 BC)
Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire (30 BC)
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