
Four Thought talks include stories and ideas which will affect our future, in politics, society, the economy, business, science, technology or the arts. Recorded live, the talks are given by a range of people with a new thought to share.
Wed, 22 May 13
Duration:
19 mins
Henry Stewart argues that bad management blights the working lives of millions of people, and that the solution is to let everyone choose their own bosses.
Wed, 15 May 13
Duration:
18 mins
The science writer Emma Byrne argues that, far from tuning out, we should listen carefully when people swear, because they often do so for good reasons.
Wed, 8 May 13
Duration:
19 mins
Stewart Henderson argues that a lack of poetry in politics is fuelling disengagement, and makes the case for putting poetry back in political rhetoric.
Wed, 1 May 13
Duration:
17 mins
Daniela Papi explores the dark side of volunteering overseas, and asks how local people and wealthy 'voluntourists' alike can ensure a positive experience.
Wed, 24 Apr 13
Duration:
18 mins
Historian Mat Paskins argues that history can be made real when we bring back to life the excitement which previous generations felt at new developments
Wed, 17 Apr 13
Duration:
20 mins
Emma Woolf explores how people suffering from eating disorders might now have a proper explanation for the condition.
Wed, 10 Apr 13
Duration:
14 mins
William Dalrymple introduces the Oscar-winning documentary-maker Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy, in Four Thought at the Jaipur Literature Festival.
Wed, 3 Apr 13
Duration:
15 mins
Ranjini Obeyesekere - the Sri Lankan translator and thinker - argues that a bad translation is better than no translation.
Wed, 9 Jan 13
Duration:
19 mins
Anwar Akhtar, Director of The Samosa, argues that Pakistan should think of itself as an Asian nation, not as an Arab one. And after years of working between Britain and Pakistan, he says British Pakistanis are uniquely placed to help Pakistan embrace its multicultural history - and to create a prosperous and peaceful future with India.
Wed, 2 Jan 13
Duration:
19 mins
Adventurer Sally Kettle argues that hope is not helpful, and suggests some alternative strategies.
Wed, 26 Dec 12
Duration:
19 mins
Designer and technologist Tom Armitage argues that learning to write computer code means learning to think in a modern way, and that it should spur creativity: the possibility of doing entirely new things.
Fri, 21 Dec 12
Duration:
19 mins
Georgie Fienberg believes that endless fundraising by overseas aid charities is not sustainable, and she argues that charities should want to close.
Wed, 12 Dec 12
Duration:
20 mins
Nancy Lublin, CEO of DoSomething.Org, discusses how the next generation are doing social activism. She describes the impact of the web on social activism, making it faster, cheaper and easier to do than ever before, and argues that this has big implications for societies around the world.
Wed, 5 Dec 12
Duration:
19 mins
Amber Dermont explains the benefits of an unhappy childhood. "Though my parents were caring people, I could not escape my own sense of despair," she says. She discusses the influence of sadness on the imagination, and describes how this upbringing took her on a journey that gradually helped her imagine a life for herself as a fiction writer.
Wed, 28 Nov 12
Duration:
19 mins
Model and activist Sara Ziff discusses the problems with fashion and modelling. Sara maintains that fashion modelling, far from being a glamorous profession, has a dark side. She argues that what links this dark side within the industry to its sometimes ugly public face is an unhealthy obsession with very young models.
Wed, 21 Nov 12
Duration:
20 mins
Maria Popova, Editor of Brainpickings, discusses how, with the world's knowledge more readily available to us than ever before, the fragmentation of our interests is driving us to seek out more and more of what we're already interested in. How, she asks, can we master the architecture of human knowledge in a way that takes advantage of the "Information Age", yet broadens rather than contracts our intellectual and creative horizons, both as individual consumers and as publishers of information?
Wed, 14 Nov 12
Duration:
20 mins
Ismail Einashe, who came to Britain as a child refugee from Somalia, reflects on the link between childhood war trauma sufferered by young Somali men and violent gang culture.
Wed, 7 Nov 12
Duration:
20 mins
Novelist James Friel defends the value and virtues of the single life against the widespread cultural view that being in a couple is a superior state of being.
Wed, 31 Oct 12
Duration:
20 mins
Anna Minton argues that the increasingly high security surrounding public and private buildings creates a sense of fear rather than safety.
Wed, 24 Oct 12
Duration:
20 mins
Founder and director of Positive Money Ben Dyson explains how his disillusionment with mainstream economics led him to campaign for a proper understanding of how money works as the first step in fixing a failed banking system.
Wed, 17 Oct 12
Duration:
20 mins
Author and independent local councillor Rabina Khan calls for a new definition of multiculturalism which acknowledges people's multiple identities and avoids simplistic labels.
Wed, 10 Oct 12
Duration:
19 mins
Writer and former priest Mark Vernon says we should rehabilitate the concept of narcissism as a valuable form of self-love. "Love others as if they were yourself, yes. But also, love yourself so you can love other," he says.
Wed, 3 Oct 12
Duration:
19 mins
The eminent psychiatrist Colin Murray Parkes illuminates the importance of secure attachments for human happiness and sees insecurity at the root of conflict and extremism. Accepting advice from wise outsiders is crucial, he argues, whether healing the emotional wounds of bereavement or breaking the cycle of political violence.
Wed, 26 Sep 12
Duration:
18 mins
Entrepreneur Margaret Heffernan challenges the negative view of whistle-blowers and argues that people who dare to speak uncomfortable truths are vital to success in business.
Wed, 19 Sep 12
Duration:
14 mins
Investment expert Ruchir Sharma spends his time on the road looking for the next growth economy. Here he describes his global search for economic potential.
Wed, 12 Sep 12
Duration:
14 mins
On May 17th 2007, Gaelic broadcaster Niall Iain MacDonald vanished from his Stornoway home. In this powerful talk he discusses the unique way he fought back against his depression.
Wed, 29 Aug 12
Duration:
14 mins
Professor of Psychology at Trinity College, Dublin Ian Robertson argues that success and being a winner has an effect on us that is "as strong as any drug".
Wed, 22 Aug 12
Duration:
19 mins
Novelist and poet Joe Dunthorne asks what can we learn about living together from the mosh pit at a rock gig? Joe asks whether we should we all be a bit more open to social interaction. He contrasts the boisterous pushing and shoving at a rock gig with the quiet carriage on the train. In one, he argues, everyone rubs along, and if you need something, you say it. The same cannot be said for the quiet carriage.
Wed, 15 Aug 12
Duration:
19 mins
Does history repeat itself? Katarina Skoberne describes how in her family's case it did, and discusses the thought-provoking lessons it taught her. Katarina's great-grandfather was an admiral in the Russian imperial navy. His life was often interrupted by disaster, and he twice lost everything and was forced to start again. But Katarina recently discovered some of his writing, and more than 100 years later found interesting parallels to her own life and experiences.
Wed, 8 Aug 12
Duration:
18 mins
Architect Ali Mangera discusses the closely-connected futures of cities and shopping. He describes how the retail industry is coming to terms with the major challenges it faces: from internet shopping to increasing demands for a local and sustainable experience. And, through the prism of his own experience working between Barcelona and London, he shares his vision for the future of shopping.
Wed, 1 Aug 12
Duration:
19 mins
Publisher and technologist James Bridle asks how computer networks will affect cultural memories. In this Four Thought, James brings his two lives together to look for the crossing points between books and technology. How will storing our memories and experiences on "the network" change how we relate to them?
Wed, 25 Jul 12
Duration:
18 mins
The Covent Garden Academy of Flower’s Gillian Wheeler argues that flower design is evolving into an art, with tremendous variation in design and even sculpture. Flowers can both look and smell beautiful, and she says this powerful combination has the power to overcome tremendous obstacles.
Wed, 18 Jul 12
Duration:
18 mins
Naif Al-Mutawa created "The 99" comic books, featuring a team of superheroes based on Islamic culture and religion. He discusses the importance of interpreting and translating between cultures and argues that art and religion co-existed for centuries - and should be able to do so again.
Wed, 11 Jul 12
Duration:
18 mins
With the pressure on for victory at the Olympics, comedian Leisa Rea ponders the delights of losing - and reveals what happened when she told a group of school children that she would only be rewarding them for appalling work which fell way below the expected standard.
Wed, 4 Jul 12
Duration:
19 mins
Dr Alice Bell argues that better engagement by scientists, rather than lessons in "scientific literacy", is the solution to the lack of public understanding of science. She is frustrated how often this apparent panacea is rolled out as the solution to the problem.
Wed, 27 Jun 12
Duration:
19 mins
Serial social entrepreneur Colin Crooks argues that politicians and the media are wrong to focus on youth unemployment. Instead, he says, we should all be worried about the very high levels of persistent unemployment amongst the "let-down generation" who were failed by poor education between the seventies and nineties. Teaching them the lessons of being in work, he argues, would not only benefit them, but their children, too.
Wed, 20 Jun 12
Duration:
19 mins
Computer games offer many chances for self-reflective thought. This is a new medium for literature, film, painting and music, says game developer Mitu Khandaker.
Wed, 13 Jun 12
Duration:
18 mins
Architect Sir Terry Farrell explains why architects are uniquely placed to solve the problems of Britain's public spaces - and why doing the work for free is crucial to its success. Sir Terry explains how working pro bono can bring together businesses, councils and community groups who would otherwise find it hard to work together, and how these architectural schemes or "masterplans" can transform the public spaces we all share.
Wed, 6 Jun 12
Duration:
19 mins
Journalist Kamin Mohammadi argues that life under an authoritarian regime, like in her native Iran, is lived more creatively, to navigate around restrictions on private lives.
Wed, 30 May 12
Duration:
20 mins
Entrepreneur Paddy Docherty says business is best placed to bring prosperity to impoverished and post conflict nations, arguing that only the commercial sector can supply the scale and dynamism needed to make a lasting impact on development.
Wed, 23 May 12
Duration:
20 mins
Comedian Kate Smurthwaite argues it's time to stop laughing at sexism and time to stop prejudice against women comedians, because comedy is a key part of UK culture, affecting our opinions and values.
Wed, 16 May 12
Duration:
16 mins
Campaigner Martin Cassini argues that our system for managing traffic is overdue for radical reform and should be based on trust in human nature rather than an obsession with controlling it. He says a drastic cut in the number of traffic lights would begin the transformation, saving lives, time and money.
Wed, 9 May 12
Duration:
21 mins
Writer and former England table tennis champion Matthew Syed says we should not over-emphasise the importance of talent over effort.
Wed, 2 May 12
Duration:
19 mins
CEO of the International Business Leaders Forum Clare Melford argues that Buddah should be in the boardroom. She explains what CEOs need to learn about the tenets of Buddhism to make their businesses thrive while being sustainable.
Wed, 25 Apr 12
Duration:
20 mins
Director of the Dementia Services Development Centre at the University of Stirling, Prof June Andrews, argues for a revolution in our approach to dealing with dementia. She outlines immediate low cost changes that would make a dramatic difference to delaying the onset of the illness and caring for people with dementia.
Wed, 18 Apr 12
Duration:
18 mins
Jules Evans explores what ancient Greek and Roman philosophy can tell modern society about well-being. He celebrates the link between modern psychotherapy and the wisdom of Socrates, the Stoics and other ancient philosophers but warns that the new politics of happiness is in danger of becoming illiberal.
Wed, 11 Apr 12
Duration:
20 mins
Chief Executive of UNLOCK - the National Association of Reformed Offenders - Bobby Cummines served 13 years in high security prisons for robbery and manslaughter. He argues if society wants to reduce crime, reformed criminals must be helped to get jobs and discrimination against them needs to stop.
Wed, 22 Feb 12
Duration:
19 mins
Robin Gorna fears we are losing the global battle against AIDS, owing to a lack of political will and ongoing social stigma, at a time when we have the solutions to deal with it.
Wed, 15 Feb 12
Duration:
19 mins
Co-founder of the Transition Culture movement Rob Hopkins believes that "engaged optimism" is the best way to face the global challenges of the future, be it climate change, dwindling oil supplies or the economic downturn. He believes initiatives enabling people to produce their own goods and services locally - from solar powered bottled beer to micro currencies like the Brixton pound - are the best way to build community resilience.
Wed, 8 Feb 12
Duration:
20 mins
We need a radical rethink of aid spending, argues economist Gordon Bridger. He draws on a lifetime's experience as an economist in developing countries to suggest that we should spend overseas aid differently to stop it doing more harm than good. He urges an end to direct transfers of money to governments as he fears inadequate audit can too easily allow misuse of funds.
Wed, 1 Feb 12
Duration:
20 mins
Author Bali Rai thinks we should stop talking about race as the best way to deal with racism and sees pride in our own racial identity as part of the problem.
Wed, 25 Jan 12
Duration:
17 mins
Creativity is just as vital in science and engineering as it is in art and drama, argues trainer and writer Gerard Darby. Yet the present education system is undermining young people's natural creativity, he says, and is in urgent need of reform.
Wed, 18 Jan 12
Duration:
16 mins
Novelist Clare Allan asks why lying gets such a bad press. The truth, she argues, can be far more dangerous. Can lies both liberate and illuminate? As a novelist she discusses how she takes full advantage of her position to tell stories, to invent the facts. But in so doing so, she says, fiction can lead us closer to the truth.
Wed, 11 Jan 12
Duration:
16 mins
Entrepreneur Judith Clegg Judith Clegg argues that the special culture of technology start-ups could make the world a dramatically better place, if adopted more widely. The start-up culture of pay-it-forward, decent treatment of staff, enthusiasm and hard work is just what we need in every sector in these hard economic times, she says.
Wed, 4 Jan 12
Duration:
17 mins
Social trends analyst Paul Flatters argues that childhood today is better than ever before, and he explains why - wrongly - thinking the reverse is bad for us as individuals and as a society.
Wed, 28 Dec 11
Duration:
17 mins
Founder of The Eden Project Tim Smit says Britain is very far from broken. In fact, he argues, we are a really good country, and if we learn to trust one another again, we could be wonderful.
Wed, 21 Dec 11
Duration:
19 mins
Alcohol and drug researcher James Lange describes how YouTube videos of drug use have improved the speed and quality of his research, and argues that they can be a vital tool for scientists.
Wed, 14 Dec 11
Duration:
20 mins
Author Anthony McGowan thinks that the world would be a better place if we cast ourselves as the villains rather than the heroes of our own life stories - and he has a personal confession to make.
Wed, 7 Dec 11
Duration:
20 mins
David Perks, state school physics teacher and founder of the Physics Factory in London, believes current science teaching is depriving children of the academic science education they deserve.
Wed, 30 Nov 11
Duration:
20 mins
Science writer Angela Saini confesses that as a late adopter of new technology, she struggles to reconcile a deep human desire to make, mend and recycle with the throwaway culture on which the development of new computers, gadgets and phones seems to depend.
Wed, 23 Nov 11
Duration:
19 mins
David Bainbridge, clinical veterinary anatomist at Cambridge University and science writer, celebrates middle age as a distinctive human phenomenon, central to the success of our species.
Wed, 16 Nov 11
Duration:
19 mins
James Daunt issues a ringing defence of printed books, and argues that libraries and local bookshops - the "purveyors of the written word" - are vital social and cultural spaces. He argues that book chains should continue to play a vital role in introducing readers to books, but will only succeed if they re-connect with their communities.
Wed, 9 Nov 11
Duration:
18 mins
American designer Aza Raskin proposes a design renaissance in healthcare, making it easier and more enjoyable. Comparing video recorders with antibiotics - they are both badly designed - he argues that by applying cognitive psychology, design, and feedback loops to some of our most intractable medical problems, we can dramatically improve our health.
Wed, 2 Nov 11
Duration:
14 mins
Author Dreda Say Mitchell argues that the importance of cultural institutions like family, faith and community has been ignored in the debate about social mobility. Born into an extended working class family, she found her own upbringing was influenced by each of these institutions, and she believes their importance in promoting social mobility has been underestimated.
Wed, 26 Oct 11
Duration:
14 mins
Novelist and former paediatric nurse Christie Watson asks whether there are some things worse than death. She describes the extraordinary medical breakthroughs which allow children to be kept alive today who previously would have died. But she asks whether community care and medical ethics have kept up with the increasing number of technology-dependent children - that is, children who cannot breathe without life support machines.
Wed, 19 Oct 11
Duration:
14 mins
Science journalist and blogger Ed Yong explores the physical and philosophical implications of being host to billions of microbes. He reports the latest science showing how the bacteria we come into contact with can profoundly affect our lives - from the ability to digest different foodstuffs to our susceptibility to asthma, diabetes and even stress and anxiety.
Wed, 12 Oct 11
Duration:
15 mins
Social anthropologist Kate Fox argues that we need to re-learn much of what we think we know about the effects of alcohol. Alcohol does not make us disinhibited, violent or anti-social, she says. Many cultures around the world, some of which drink more than we do, have none of these problems. So what causes them here?
Wed, 5 Oct 11
Duration:
14 mins
Advertising guru Cindy Gallop argues that if as businesses and individuals we define what we stand for and stay true to it, we could embrace a world of zero privacy.
Wed, 28 Sep 11
Duration:
14 mins
Matthew Goodwin says supporters of the far right are generally neither irrational nor isolated, and that a far right party without extremist baggage could be electable in Britain. He has spent much of the last decade with members and supporters of the British far right, examining their hopes and aspirations, what they wish to achieve.
Thu, 22 Sep 11
Duration:
14 mins
After the internet and social media, what will be the next technological revolution? Writer, blogger and entrepreneur Russell M. Davies argues that like the early days of blogging, we are about to witness another flowering of individual creativity.
Wed, 14 Sep 11
Duration:
14 mins
Scotland has the highest rate of multiple sclerosis in the world. This progressive neurological disease can lead to disability, balance problems and paralysis - Scotland also happens to be the centre of research into MS, much of it focussing on a new generation of drugs which could help the body heal itself. Exploring these issues is Charles ffrench-Constant, Professor of Multiple Sclerosis Research at the MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine at The University of Edinburgh.
Wed, 7 Sep 11
Duration:
14 mins
Nature writer Jim Crumley says you don't need to read the folk tales of the Brother's Grimm or go to Werewolf movies to realise that humankind has always had a fear of wolves. But is all this just anti-wolf propaganda? Historians believe the last wolf in Britain was dispatched in 1743 amid an outcry that it had killed two children. Now, more than 250 years later, could we finally learn to coexist peacefully with wolves?
Mon, 5 Sep 11
Duration:
14 mins
Ed Howker asks whether following the recent riots in England today's younger generation deserve their bad reputation. He is a co-founder of the Intergenerational Foundation and co-author of 'Jilted Generation: How Britain has Bankrupted its Youth'.
Fri, 2 Sep 11
Duration:
14 mins
Since time immemorial humanity has been fascinated by genius and geniuses - those extraordinary men and women whose abilities mark them out from the rest of us. Writer Andrew Robinson asks what can we learn from them?
Wed, 17 Aug 11
Duration:
15 mins
Cultural critic Owen Hatherley attacks the architectural results of recent "urban regeneration". He regrets the loss of confidence in a vision of how cities of the future should be.
Wed, 10 Aug 11
Duration:
14 mins
Writer and entrepreneur Dominic Hobson argues that organised, competitive sport damages rather than builds the character of players and spectators alike. In common with war, he condemns it as a zero sum game: what one side gains, the other loses, "rich in triumphalism, disdain and pride".
Wed, 3 Aug 11
Duration:
15 mins
Poet and musician Musa Okwonga explores the downside of living a life on Twitter and Facebook. He describes his recent but powerful addiction to tweeting and checking his Facebook page. "I have a lot of followers but I have no idea where I'm leading them," says Musa
Wed, 27 Jul 11
Duration:
15 mins
Director of the Institute for State Effectiveness Clare Lockhart calls for a new model of aid for the developing world to reduce dependence and build economic growth.
Wed, 20 Jul 11
Duration:
15 mins
Leadership coach Hilary Cottam unfolds her vision for re-designing the welfare state with participation, not passivity, at its core. She tells the story of families whose lives have been transformed though their own involvement in making decisions about the help being provided for them.
Wed, 13 Jul 11
Duration:
15 mins
Matthew Engel charts the growth of Americanisms in the English language and explains why, as a former Washington correspondent, he thinks this is now a serious problem.
Wed, 6 Jul 11
Duration:
15 mins
Writer and cabaret artist Penny Pepper gives her perspective on human identity from her personal experience as a disabled person and wheelchair user.
Wed, 29 Jun 11
Duration:
15 mins
Founder of charitable arts company Only Connect Danny Kruger works with prisoners, ex-offenders and young people at risk of crime. He calls for a re-evaluation of the purpose of punishment.
Wed, 22 Jun 11
Duration:
14 mins
Former England cricketer Ed Smith argues that too much professionalism in sport and in other areas of life spoils rather than promotes the chance of success.
Wed, 15 Jun 11
Duration:
14 mins
Geneticist Prof Steve Jones reflects on the legacy of the father of eugenics, Francis Galton, and warns against the danger of overstatement by geneticists
Wed, 8 Jun 11
Duration:
14 mins
Prof Felipe Fernandez-Armesto explodes what he sees as the newly revived myth of the Protestant work ethic and debunks cultural explanations for economic progress or decline in different parts of the world.
Wed, 1 Jun 11
Duration:
15 mins
Author of "Gulag", Anne Applebaum, asks how governments can best compensate victims of former repressive regimes and turn secret police records into meaningful archives.
Wed, 25 May 11
Duration:
14 mins
Political scientist Philip Cowley discusses how politicians have changed to reflect the political landscape around them. He uses letters from leading politicians to show how today's politicians compare favourably to those of the 1950s. And he has a small confession to make.
Wed, 18 May 11
Duration:
14 mins
Writer Jake Wallis Simons describes how an ancient row within Tibetan Buddhism is causing a modern schism, and why it led him to give up Buddhism for good.
Wed, 11 May 11
Duration:
13 mins
Writer Johann Hari argues that our demand for gadgets has helped to drive the war in the Congo. He says it is a resource war, being fought for minerals like coltan, which finds its way into everything from mobile phones to games consoles. He asks why our governments have not taken forceful action to stop the trade.
Wed, 4 May 11
Duration:
14 mins
Judge and historian Jonathan Sumption discusses modern apologies for historical events. Starting with Tony Blair's apology for the Irish potato famine and Pope John Paul II's 94 such apologies, he argues that the trend is turning into a tide.
Wed, 27 Apr 11
Duration:
14 mins
Columnist Christina Patterson discusses her own experiences of terrible nursing care. She asks why we keep making excuses for bad nursing when good care is so important, and maintains that whatever the pressures on them nurses always have a choice about how they behave.
Wed, 9 Mar 11
Duration:
14 mins
Professor of social anthropology Tom Gill recalls some memorable and unsettling incidents he witnessed during his fieldwork with homeless people in Japan and explores their implications.
Wed, 2 Mar 11
Duration:
14 mins
The Jewish psychotherapist and journalist Naomi Shragai discusses what she learned from marrying out, and what we all could. She describes how her mother's stories about returning from the concentration camps became embedded in her mind, and how years living in a Jewish neighbourhood in Los Angeles left her beliefs unchallenged.
Wed, 23 Feb 11
Duration:
14 mins
Author and leading Egyptian intellectual Dr Ahdaf Soueif reflects on the Egyptian uprising and describes how the anti-Mubarak protests have allowed Egyptians to reconnect with thousands of years of history and regain their sense of self.
Wed, 16 Feb 11
Duration:
14 mins
Photographer David Goldblatt argues that current models of urban redevelopment are broken, and need replacing. He draws a contrast between developments: the multi-million pound apartments of One Hyde Park in London, and Stoke's Croft in Bristol, with its 'don't develop Stoke's Croft, let Stoke's Croft develop' ethos.
Fri, 11 Feb 11
Duration:
14 mins
Historian Lord Peter Hennessy discusses joining what he has spent a lifetime writing about: the British constitution. At a time of constitutional upheaval, what does the second house still provide?
Thu, 3 Feb 11
Duration:
14 mins
Scientist and broadcaster Baroness Susan Greenfield discusses her life's ambition, and how stories develop our brains.
Mon, 31 Jan 11
Duration:
1 min
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