30 October 2012 Last updated at 14:09 ET

Rwanda profile

Radio is a key news medium

State TV and radio reach the largest audiences, and state-owned publications predominate in the print sector.

Radio - the main source of news - had a role in the 1994 genocide. Notorious "hate" station Radio Tele Libre Mille Collines (RTLM) was a vehicle for virulent anti-Tutsi propaganda.

Reporters Without Borders accused officials of "reinforcing news control" in the run-up to 2010 elections. The watchdog says government "hounding" of journalists "forces them into exile or often results in their arrest".

Newspaper readership is limited and press titles often exercise self-censorship.

The BBC can be heard via FM in Kigali (93.9), Karongi (93.3) and Butare (106.1). The Voice of America and Deutsche Welle broadcast on FM in Kigali.

By December 2011, 818,000 Rwandans were online (Internetworldstats.com). Critical bloggers are often based abroad, notes US-based Freedom House.

The press

The New Times - private, pro-government, English-language
Rwanda Herald - private, English-language
Rwanda Newsline - owned by Rwanda Independent Media Group, English-language
Umuseso - sister paper to Rwanda Newsline, Kinyarwanda-language

Television

Television Rwandaise - state-owned

Radio

Radio Rwanda - state-owned, broadcasts in English, French, Kinyarwanda and Swahili
Radio 10 - private
Radio Flash - private
Contact FM - private
City Radio - private
Radio Izuba - private
Radio Maria - Catholic