29 February 2012 Last updated at 08:13 ET

French genocide law: President Sarkozy orders new draft

The French Senate passed the genocide denial bill on 23 January

French President Nicolas Sarkozy has ordered his government to draft a new law punishing denial of the Armenian genocide after a top court struck down a previous bill.

The Constitutional Council earlier ruled the law backed by Mr Sarkozy infringed on freedom of expression.

The bill, which covers the mass killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks during World War I, was passed by both houses of the French parliament.

Turkey has welcomed the ruling.

The legislation had strained relations between the two countries.

Diplomatic chill

Noting the "great disappointment and profound sadness" of the law's backers, Mr Sarkozy's office wrote in a statement: "The President of the Republic considers that [genocide] denial is intolerable and must therefore be punished.

Competing laws

• Both the Holocaust and killing of the Armenians are recognised as acts of genocide in France
• Denial of the Holocaust is punishable under the 1990 Gayssot law, which is based on the findings of the Nuremberg Tribunal
• Some legal experts argue that unless the Armenian killings are formally recognised as an act of genocide by an international commission their denial cannot be made punishable
• In the absence of international certification, some legal experts argue the term "Armenian genocide" may be challenged on grounds of freedom of speech
• French MPs argue they have sufficient authority to legislate both on acts of genocide and their denial

"He has asked the government to prepare a new draft taking into account the decision of the Constitutional Council."

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said the cabinet would meet to consider whether to restart economic, political and military contacts with France which were frozen after the French parliament passed the law on 23 January.

France's Constitutional Council said in its ruling that "by punishing anyone contesting the existence of... crimes that legislators themselves recognised or qualified as such, legislators committed an unconstitutional attack on freedom of expression".

More than 130 of senators and MPs across the political divide had appealed to the constitutional court to examine the bill, in a move welcomed by Turkey.

France already recognises the killings as an act of genocide, but the new law would have meant that anyone denying it faced up to a year in jail and a maximum fine of 45,000 euros ($57,000).

Armenia says up to 1.5 million people died in 1915-16 as the Ottoman empire split. Turkey, which rejects the term "genocide", has said the number of deaths was much smaller.

Defenders of the bill argued it covered all acts of genocide.

Angry protests

The vote last month spurred angry protests in both in Paris and Ankara. The Turkish government suspended political and military co-operation with France.

France and Turkey in figures

• France is Turkey's fifth biggest export market and the sixth biggest source of its imports
• Volume of trade in 2010: 11.6bn euros with a surplus of 862m euros in France's favour
• About 350 French companies were active in Turkey in 2010
• About 550,000 Turkish citizens live in France while nearly 930,000 French tourists visited Turkey in 2010

Sources: Turkish foreign ministry and Reuters news agency

The Turkish government argues that judging what happened in eastern Turkey in 1915-16 should be left to historians, and that the new French law would have restricted freedom of speech.

The killings are regarded as the seminal event of modern Armenian history, a tragic bond uniting one of the world's most dispersed peoples.

Among the other states which formally recognise them as genocide are Argentina, Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, Russia and Uruguay. The UK, US, Israel and others use different terminology.

France is home to an estimated 500,000 ethnic Armenians while about 550,000 Turkish citizens also live in the country.