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Aerial graphic. © BBC Lake Eyre dragon Australian pelican Aerial video tour Back to main map
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Lake Eyre. © BBC
Flooded desert. © BBC Roger Dundas
Lake Eyre
Early explorers of central Australia were obsessed with finding an inland sea, but all they did find, in the driest part of Australia, was a 9,000km² flat, blinding salt lake floating on a sea of mud - Lake Eyre.

This is the world's biggest expanse of salt and in some areas the salt crust is 50cm thick and solid enough to support a truck.

The lake has a very important role in the centre's ecology. Rainfall in Australia's centre is totally erratic: some areas may not see rain for years, but when it does rain it can bucket down. This is when much of the desert floods and instead of flowing to the sea the normally dry rivers flow to the lowest point of Australia, Lake Eyre.

So, roughly every 30 years the area is transformed into a magical inland sea. Ironically, the early lake-obsessed explorers were in the right place but just at the wrong time.




Lake Eyre dragon. © BBC Lake Eyre dragon
When Lake Eyre is dry, it is one of the most inhospitable places on earth, and yet life still exists on its salt crust.

The small Lake Eyre dragon makes its home amongst the cracks in the salt. Here it shelters from the sun and when it's too hot, or too cool, it digs deeper down into the moist mud. Special eyelashes cut out some glare from the sun and white salt.

This dragon likes it hot. While most lizards are up with the sun, the Lake Eyre dragon doesn't stir until mid morning when it's really warm. It mainly feeds on tiny harvester ants that nest in the salt and survive on seeds and dead insects blown on to the lake.

When the lake floods, the dragons move to the sandy shore where they dig burrows and live amongst all the other lizards. This little lizard is Australia's most salt-adapted vertebrate.

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Pelicans sitting. © BBC Lindsay Cupper
Australian pelican
Pelicans are big fish-eating waterbirds usually found on lakes, rivers and billabongs throughout Australia. However, when Lake Eyre floods, pelicans and other waterbirds fly in tens of thousands to breed on its islands, free from disturbance by people and predators.

Surprisingly, Lake Eyre and the rivers that fill it are teeming with fish and crustaceans that whose populations explode during the flood. They become easy pickings for adult pelicans who feed cooperatively, herding fish into the shallows and dipping their bills simultaneously to trap fish.

Pelicans hatch bald and pink and a parent is always at the nest to shelter them from the hot sun. When the chicks can walk they leave the nest to gather in crèches for about 100 days until they can fly. No one knows why pelicans fly up to 1,500km to breed on Lake Eyre but it appears an ideal place.

How the pelicans know the desert is flooded is another mystery. Maybe they smell the water or sense the change in atmospheric pressure associated with heavy rain, but it's thought the older birds who have bred on Lake Eyre may lead the young ones.

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