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Okavango Delta in Botswana after the rainy season

Wetlands

Wetlands, whether swamp, bog, marsh or fen, are waterlogged areas where aquatic plants thrive. Some, like the Okavango Delta, dry up seasonally. Others, like the fenlands of England, are permanently wet. The shallow water can be fresh, brackish or salty, as wetlands often occur where a terrestrial habitat meets a marine one. They can be an effective natural flood control mechanism, allowing excess river water, for example, to disperse over large areas, and are particularly important for birds.

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Where you find Wetlands

Map showing the location of the Wetlands habitat

About Wetlands

A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem. Primarily, the factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation that is adapted to its unique soil conditions: Wetlands consist primarily of hydric soil, which supports aquatic plants.

The water found in wetlands can be saltwater, freshwater, or brackish. Main wetland types include swamps, marshes, bogs and fens. Sub-types include mangrove, carr, pocosin, and varzea.

Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, principally water purification, flood control, and shoreline stability. Wetlands are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal life.

Wetlands occur naturally on every continent except Antarctica. They can also be constructed artificially as a water management tool, which may play a role in the developing field of water-sensitive urban design.

The largest wetlands in the world include the Amazon River basin and the West Siberian Plain. Another large wetland is the Pantanal, which straddles Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay in South America.

The UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment determined that environmental degradation is more prominent within wetland systems than any other ecosystem on Earth. International conservation efforts are being used in conjunction with the development of rapid assessment tools to inform people about wetland issues.

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Behaviours

Useful behaviours for this habitat

Ecozones

Ecozones where this habitat is found

Habitats

Other Freshwater habitats

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