Urban habitats are areas dominated by human activities and human constructions. These include towns, cities and associated landscapes, such as landfill sites. It can almost be described as a patchwork of other habitats where buildings are artifical cliffs, sewers and drains are waterways, and parks, gardens and brownfield sites provide forests and meadows. Animals which have adapted to the urban environment are tolerant of the light and noise generated by human activity, and take advantage of the heat and the abundant food sources.
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Urban bees
Honeybees forage for pollen and nectar from gardens and window boxes all around the city.
Honeybees forage for pollen and nectar from gardens and window boxes all around the city.
Winter warming
Creatures escape the extremes of winter by taking refuge in our houses.
Creatures escape the extremes of winter by taking refuge in our houses.
Springing to life
Female grey squirrels lead the males on a merry dance to see who is fittest.
Female grey squirrels lead the males on a merry dance to see who is fittest.
Landfill life
Rubbish tips are an attractive resource for winter scavengers.
Rubbish tips are an attractive resource for winter scavengers.
Garden party
Red kites venture into our domestic world to scavenge in urban gardens.
Red kites venture into our domestic world to scavenge in urban gardens.
Hedgehog
Long-eared hedgehog
Tasmanian devil
Brown long-eared bat
Daubenton's bat
Horseshoe bats
Lesser horseshoe bat
Noctule bat
Serotine bat
Soprano pipistrelle
Badger
Black bear
Coatis
Coyote
Red fox
Weasel
White-nosed coati
Fallow deer
Muntjac deer
Roe deer
Sika deer
Wild boar
Rabbit
Eastern grey kangaroo
Koala
Human
Pied tamarin
Toque macaque
Bank vole
Brown rat
Edible dormouse
Field vole
Grey squirrel
Mole
Moles and desmans
Mallard
Mandarin duck
Collared dove
Old World pigeons
Pigeon
Stock dove
Turtle dove
Green woodpecker
Common buzzard
Hobby
Peregrine falcon
Red kite
Sparrowhawk
Common moorhen
Coots, cranes and rails
Peacock
Eurasian eagle owl
Little owl
Tawny owl
Kea
Ring-necked parakeet
Blackbird
Blackcap
Blue tit
Carrion crow
Chaffinch
Chiffchaff
Coal tit
Crested tit
Crows and ravens
Dunnock
Fieldfare
Finches
Goldcrest
Goldfinch
Great tit
Greenfinch
Grey wagtail
Hooded crow
House sparrow
Jackdaw
Jay
Leaf warblers
Linnet
Long-tailed tit
Magpie
Pied wagtail
Raven
Redstart
Reed bunting
Robin
Rook
Siskin
Song thrush
Spotted flycatcher
Starling
Swallow
Tits and chickadees
Treecreeper
Wren
Great black-backed gull
Herring gull
Kittiwake
Lesser black-backed gull
Common swift
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bumblebees
Common wasp
European honey bee
Hornet
Yellow meadow ant
Great diving beetle
Harlequin ladybird
Seven-spot ladybird
Cabbage white
Gossamer-winged butterflies
Marbled white
Monarch butterfly
Peacock butterfly
Urban ecosystems are the cities, towns, and urban strips constructed by humans.
This is the growth in the urban population and the supporting built infrastructure has affected both urban environments and also on areas which surround urban areas. These include semi or 'peri-urban' environments that fringe cities as well as agricultural and natural landscapes.
Scientists are now developing ways to measure and understand the effects of urbananisation on human and environmental health.
By considering urban areas as part of a broader ecological system, scientists can investigate how urban landscapes function and how they affect other landscapes with which they interact. In this context, urban environments are affected by their surrounding environment but also affect that environment. Knowing this may provide clues as to which alternative development options will lead to the best overall environmental outcome.
CSE's urban ecosystem research is focused on:
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