Coastal cliffs are the rocky land edges that face the sea. These are complex and diverse habitats that lie above the water line, where exposure to salty spray, wind, sun and rain all play their part, as does the type of rock. Flowers such as thrift, campion and samphires thrive here and colourful lichens coat the rocks. Clifftops make important nesting places for seabirds and each species has its own requirements: from precarious ledges for guillemots and kittiwakes to grassy slopes that puffins can burrow in. Sheer numbers of birds make a cacophony of noise and their nesting sites can smell pretty potent. Bats, lizards and buzzing insects are also to be found.
See a summer’s seabird ‘city’ spectacular.
In order to see this content you need to have an up-to-date version of Flash installed and Javascript turned on.
Fabulous seas
Britain’s seas easily rival the wealth of wildlife on land.
Britain’s seas easily rival the wealth of wildlife on land.
Living soundscape
Chris Watson's acoustic tour of the Coquet River reaches the turbulent North Atlantic.
Chris Watson's acoustic tour of the Coquet River reaches the turbulent North Atlantic.
South Stack
Presenter Iolo Williams visits South Stack reserve on Anglesey.
Iolo Williams visits the South Stack on Anglesey. During June and July the sea cliffs here are packed with sea birds, mainly awks.
Desert penguins
Humboldt penguins nest in the Atacama desert.
Humboldt penguins nest in the Atacama desert.
Food on the run
Gentoo penguins make their chicks work hard for the supper.
Gentoo penguins make their chicks work hard for the supper.
Tasmanian devil
Greater bulldog bat
American mink
Antarctic fur seal
Brown bear
Brown fur seal
Common seal
Galápagos fur seal
Grey seal
Otter
Polar bear
Sea otter
Southern Elephant Seal
Southern sea lion
Steller sea lion
Walrus
Wildcat
Barbary macaque
Human
Brown rat
Black-throated diver
Great northern diver
Greater flamingo
Lesser flamingo
Adelie penguin
African penguin
Chinstrap penguin
Emperor penguin
Gentoo penguin
Humboldt penguin
King penguin
Macaroni penguin
Magellanic penguin
Snares crested penguin
Black geese
Brent goose
Mallard
Mute swan
Spectacled eider
Pigeon
Stock dove
Black-necked grebe
Clark's grebe
Great crested grebe
Grebes
African fish eagle
Andean condor
Eleonora's falcon
Merlin
Osprey
Peregrine falcon
Steller's sea eagle
White-tailed sea eagle
Coots, cranes and rails
Snowy owl
Cape gannet
Gannets
Magnificent frigatebird
Northern gannet
Red-billed tropicbird
Socotra cormorant
Carrion crow
Chaffinch
Crows and ravens
Dipper
Great tit
Hooded crow
Jackdaw
Magpie
Pied flycatcher
Pied wagtail
Raven
Red-billed chough
Sand martin
Song thrush
Stonechat
Swallow
Tits and chickadees
Arctic skua
Arctic tern
Auks
Avocet
Common ringed plover
Great black-backed gull
Guillemot
Guillemots
Herring gull
Kittiwake
Knot
Lesser black-backed gull
Oystercatcher
Plovers and lapwings
Puffin
Ringed plovers
South polar skua
Thick-billed guillemot
Little egret
Wood stork
Black-browed albatross
Fulmar
Galápagos petrel
Manx shearwater
Shearwaters
Short-tailed shearwater
Storm petrel
Wandering albatross
Waved albatross
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Seven-spot ladybird
Dark green fritillary
Gossamer-winged butterflies
Painted lady
Swallowtail
A coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean. A precise line that can be called a coastline cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. The term "coastal zone" can be used instead, which is a spatial zone where interaction of the sea and land processes occurs. Both the terms coast and coastal are often used to describe a geographic location or region; for example, New Zealand's West Coast, or the East and West Coasts of the United States.
A pelagic coast refers to a coast which fronts the open ocean, as opposed to a more sheltered coast in a gulf or bay. A shore, on the other hand, can refer to parts of the land which adjoin any large body of water, including oceans (sea shore) and lakes (lake shore). Similarly, the somewhat related term "bank" refers to the land alongside or sloping down to a river (riverbank) or to a body of water smaller than a lake. "Bank" is also used in some parts of the world to refer to an artificial ridge of earth intended to retain the water of a river or pond; in other places this may be called a levee.
While many scientific experts might agree on a common definition of the term "coast", the delineation of the extents of a coast differ according to jurisdiction, with many scientific and government authorities in various countries differing for economic and social policy reasons.
This entry is from Wikipedia, the user-contributed encyclopedia. If you find the content in the 'About' section factually incorrect, defamatory or highly offensive you can edit this article at Wikipedia. For more information on our use of Wikipedia please read our FAQ.
Ecozones where this habitat is found
Other Terrestrial habitats
Take a trip through the natural world with our themed collections of video clips from the natural history archive.
Seaside spectacular
When it comes to summer holidays, there's no better place than the seaside and if you know where to look you'll be surprised at the wildlife you can find.
BBC © 2013 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read more.
This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so.