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Grizzly bear running through water

Adapted to running

Running and walking evolved as a method of getting around when life emerged from water on to dry land. Animals that travel about on foot usually have a particular speed of gait which is their most energy efficient. Fast running mammals, such as zebras and cheetahs, have evolved features such as long legs and a flexible spine to boost their speed.

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Animals with this behaviour

Mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Insects

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Merostomata

Synapsids

About

Running is a means of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot. It is simply defined in athletics terms as a gait in which at regular points during the running cycle both feet are off the ground. This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion. A characteristic feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity. The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting.

The ancestors of mankind developed the ability to run for long distances about four and a half million years ago,[citation needed] probably in order to hunt animals. Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas. Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland in 1829 BCE,[citation needed] while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE.

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Behaviours

Other Locomotion behaviours

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