Maternal care is where the mother of the offspring provides most or all of the effort needed to protect, feed or raise the young. In egg-laying species, maternal care includes looking after the eggs before the young hatch - for instance a mother crocodile guarding her clutch. In mammals, only the mother can provide the milk that youngsters are dependent on for the first part of their lives, so in many species all the primary care is done by the female, though males may play a part in defending or providing for the female.
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Skincare
Surinam toads perform a bizarre skincare routine for their babies!
Imagine if babies were born through the skin on your back - a truly weird suggestion, but this is no April Fool. The surinam toad's method of ensuring maximum survival success for its offspring is exactly that. It's a seemingly bizarre strategy, but the resulting odds are much higher than the normal way of laying eggs.
Springing to life
Female grey squirrels lead the males on a merry dance to see who is fittest.
Female grey squirrels lead the males on a merry dance to see who is fittest.
Lucky pups
There is a big difference between placental and marsupial mammals.
There is a big difference between placental and marsupial mammals.
Small comfort
Harp seal pups brave the harsh Arctic after just four days of mother's milk.
Harp seal pups brave the harsh Arctic after just four days of mother's milk.
Gharial guardian
Gharials are devoted mothers, before and after their babies hatch.
As her babies prepare to hatch and call to her, a mother gharial digs into her nest to help them. The babies continue to call as they hatch. Gharials are devoted mothers. The mother gharials take turns to guard a creche of babies in the Chambal river. Includes shots of Valmik Thapar riding an elephant past the Taj Mahal.
Malayan colugo
Hedgehog
Long-eared hedgehog
Aardvark
Crest-tailed mulgara
Tasmanian devil
Tiger quoll
Brown-throated sloth
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Hare
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Koala
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Red kangaroo
Yellow-bellied glider
Indian rhinoceros
Propalaeotherium
Wild horse
Woolly rhinoceros
Australopithecus
Bald uakari
Barbary macaque
Chimpanzee
Common woolly monkey
Crowned lemur
Fork-marked lemurs
François' langur
Gelada baboon
Golden langur
Golden snub-nosed monkey
Grey mouse lemur
Homo erectus
Lac Alaotra gentle lemur
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur
Modern and early humans
Neanderthal
Olive baboon
Pied tamarin
Red ruffed lemur
Ring-tailed lemur
Silky sifaka
Slow lorises
Tarsiers
Toque macaque
Western gorilla
Yunnan snub-nosed monkey
African bush elephant
Forest elephant
Arctic ground squirrel
Bank vole
Brants's whistling rat
Brown rat
Bushy-tailed squirrels
Capybara
Dormice
Dormouse
Edible dormouse
European beaver
Field vole
Grey squirrel
Naked mole rat
North American beaver
Common shrew
Mole
Amazon river dolphin
Antarctic minke whale
Bottlenose dolphins
Bowhead whale
Common bottlenose dolphin
Harbour porpoise
Humpback whale
Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin
Narwhal
Northern bottlenose whale
Peale's dolphin
Rorqual family
Southern right whale
Sperm whale
Emperor penguin
Gentoo penguin
Goldeneye
Mallard
Spectacled eider
Collared dove
Pigeons and doves
Turtle dove
Turtle doves
Common buzzard
Hen harrier
Hobby
Great bustard
Peacock
Pheasant
Ptarmigan
Temminck's tragopan
Wild turkey
Great grey owl
Snowy owl
Spix's macaw
Northern gannet
Chaffinch
Chiffchaff
Dunnock
Fieldfare
Goldcrest
Grasshopper warbler
Jackdaw
Pied flycatcher
Redstart
Sedge warbler
Siskin
Song thrush
Superb lyrebird
Treecreeper
Wire-tailed manakin
Wood warbler
Bittern
Buff-necked ibis
Manx shearwater
Short-tailed shearwater
American crocodile
Chinese alligator
Gharial
Nile crocodile
Siamese crocodile
Spectacled caiman
Yacare caiman
Boa constrictor
Eyelash viper
Indian rock python
King cobraOther Life cycle behaviours
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