1920 - born Karol Jozef Wojtya, in Wadowice, Poland.
Ordained in 1946, became professor of moral theology at Lublin and Cracow.
Archbishop and Metropolitan of Cracow (1964--78), he was created cardinal in 1967.
Pope (1978-- ).
The first non-Italian pope in 450 years.

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	Lesson 18

Kevin Ruane:
"Pope John Paul said that kissing the soil of Poland had a special meaning for him. It was like a kiss on a Mother's hand and Poland was a special Mother. She'd had a difficult history, she was a Mother who'd suffered a lot and kept on suffering anew. That was why she had a right to a special love. The kiss on the ground, he said, could also be a kiss of peace for everyone. "Pax vobis" - he said, peace to you, Poland, my country, peace to you. "Pax Vobis. Pokój Tobie, Polsko, Ojczyzno moja, pokój Tobie."

Kevin Ruane:
"Pope John Paul said that a state is truly sovereign, when it serves the good of society and allows it to realize its sense of identity. The Pope went on to point out that the sovereignty of a state has a profound link with its ability to promote the freedom of the nation. He spoke of Poland's very difficult geo-political situation and its painful history, which - he said - had sharpened its people's sensitivity to human and national rights."

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to kiss the soil - megcsókolni a földet
special meaning - különleges jelentés
a kiss - csók
to suffer - szenvedni
anew - ismét, újra, újból
peace - béke
peace to you - béke veletek, béke nektek
sovereign - szuverén, független
to serve the good of society - a társadalom javát szolgálni
to realize - megvalósítani
sense of identity - identitástudat
to point out - rámutatni
sovereignty - szuverenitás
profound link - szoros összefüggés, mély kapcsolat
ability - képesség
to promote - támogatni, segíteni
painful - fájdalmas
to sharpen - növelni, fokozni, kihegyezni, megélezni
sensitivity - érzékenység
human rights - emberi jogok
national rights = the rights of the nation - a nemzetek jogai
kept on suffering anew - egyre csak szenvedett, újra és újra
kissing the soil, the kiss on the ground - megcsókolni a földet, az anyaföldet