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Zumpe Piano
What we know today as the humble piano started off life in its earliest form as a harp. By sounding stretched strings of varied length, different notes could be made. Over the years, the instrument was turned on its side, had its strings either plucked, like a harpsichord, or struck, like a clavichord, and underwent various technical improvements and decorative designs. The piano in its current form was introduced in the 18th century, but all models were still large, grand and expensive instruments; that is until the Zumpe came along.
At this time the best instrument makers were German, but few of them worked in Germany as no large market existed. Many of them came to England to exploit the middleclass market, which was much more profitable.
Johann Zumpe, set up his own workshop in England and in 1766 became the first builder of pianos on this side of the Channel. Zumpe made small square pianofortes.
The Zumpe Piano was mass produced, small and compact, so could fit into most people’s homes, was easily transportable, and not too precious. Back in 1768 an instrument like this would have cost £50, which was cheaper than anything else on the market. By 1760 average annual wages in Britain were over £200 and rising.
Presenter Vanessa Collingridge says: "The effect this unassuming piano had on society changed how we appreciate music forever."
Where can it be found? At St Cecilia's Hall Museum of Instruments, Edinburgh.
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