DNA testing and family history
You've seen it on television and read about in the newspapers, and it makes you think twice. The head of Harvard University's African-American Studies department takes some DNA tests and is startled to learn that both his paternal and maternal lines are European, and that he has as much European ancestry as African. An adoptee who always thought her family originated from South America takes a test and is pleased to learn that she's of Native American ancestry. Just what is 'genetic genealogy' and is there anything you could learn from such testing?
Simply put, genetic genealogy is DNA testing that's done specifically for the purpose of learning about one's heritage. There are a number of myths about the topic, and one of the most prevalent is the notion that it's the same kind of testing that's done for medical or criminal purposes. It's not.
The DNA tests used by family historians are more restricted, and in a sense, more innocent, than those you see on shows such as 'CSI'. If police wanted to use these tests to find suspects, they'd be forced to round up hundreds or even thousands of distant cousins. And although some wish they would, these tests do not shed any light on your predisposition for certain medical conditions.
Surname studies are by far the most popular application, but many are unaware that there are a handful of tests available, and depending on what you're curious about, one of the other options may be of greatest interest to you. For those who aren't keen on needles, the good news is that all commercial testing companies use mouth swabs, so the whole process is blissfully painless.
If you're already a family historian enthusiast, you may well ponder whether it's worth it. After all, the most popular tests run about £75-100. If any of the following apply, you probably should consider adding DNA to your genealogical arsenal:
- You'd like to learn if others with the same surname share a common ancestor with you
- You have a situation where the paper trail is iffy or has run out
- You have a personal history mystery, especially one of those whispered tales of uncertain parentage (e.g., was Granddad's father really the wealthy banker your great-grandmother worked for before she married?)
- You've been sleuthing for years and are ready to put your conventional research to the test to see if science reaches the same conclusions
- You want to save time, money and effort in future research
- You want to get an idea of geographical origin well before genealogical records began
Published: 2007-08-24
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