Introduction
Most Caribbean people have African ancestors. It has been estimated that more than 1.6 million people were transported between Africa and the Caribbean between 1640 and 1807. Once in the Caribbean, these people were enslaved and forced to toil on the plantations and in households. Although the British slave trade from Africa was abolished in 1807, emancipation of the people did not occur until 1 August 1834.
'For most people, slavery did not officially end until 1 August 1838'
Until emancipation, most African-Caribbeans were considered to be the property of their owners. This meant that they were subject to the whims of their owner and local slave laws. For example, families could be split up, people could be sold, gifted and inherited as property. The enslaved people migrated with their owners to other countries, and were often denied an education and not allowed to attend church. Therefore, enslaved African-Caribbeans are not listed in the usual records used by family historians.
Although slavery in the British Caribbean officially ended on 1 August 1834, most former slaves were apprenticed to their former masters for a period of four years. Only children under the age of six, and slaves in Antigua and the Bahamas (who had passed local laws abolishing apprenticeship) were freed immediately. Therefore, for most people, slavery did not officially end until 1 August 1838.
To research African-Caribbean people that were free before and after emancipation, the usual sources such as church registers, employment records, poor law records and wills etc can be used - most of which will be held in Caribbean archives and libraries. General guidance is available on the BBC website Family History and under useful resources.
Using these sources it should be possible for most people to trace their families back to the 1840s. Going back earlier into the period of slavery is more challenging because African-Caribbeans were viewed as property, so the name of at least one owner will be needed.
Published: 2007-01-22
