If you experience a blow to the head, it's important to watch out for signs of concussion and take appropriate action.
Dr Rob Hicks last medically reviewed this article in January 2008
Concussion
On this page
- What causes it?
- Who's affected?
- What are the symptoms?
- How can it be prevented?
- What's the treatment?
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What causes it?
Concussion is an injury to the brain that usually occurs following a blow or jolt to the head. In most instances, the person doesn't lose consciousness.
Who's affected?
Anyone can suffer a concussion. Common causes include a head injury from a road traffic accident, fall, sports injury or assault.
People who fall often - because of difficulties with walking or balance, for example - and those involved in contact sports are most at risk.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of concussion may include:
- Headaches, which may be severe and persistent
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Vision disturbance
- Poor balance
- Confusion
- Memory loss or difficulty remembering things
- Poor concentration
- Tiredness
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Low mood
Post-concussion syndrome may occur, with symptoms appearing weeks or months after the initial injury. Symptoms of post-concussion syndrome include:
- Persistent headache
- Dizziness
- Memory problems
- Vision disturbances
- Emotional disturbances
- Unexplained depression
How can it be prevented?
Avoid situations where a head injury may occur - for example, contact sports - and wear protective headwear to reduce the risk.
For those at risk of falling, the home environment should be made as safe as possible - for example, by having carpets rather than hard flooring.
What's the treatment?
The treatment for concussion is rest. Painkillers are often used to relieve headaches. Admission to hospital for observation is sometimes necessary.
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