Choking - child An object such as a piece of food can get stuck at the back of the throat blocking the airway and causing the person to choke. The obstruction needs to be cleared as quickly as possible to restore a clear airway to allow the person to breathe.

What is it?

A severe obstruction is when a person is unable to speak, cry, cough or breathe.

A mild obstruction is when a person finds it difficult to breath, but is able to speak, cry, cough or breathe. Encouraging them to cough will enable them to clear the obstruction.

First aid aims

• Relieve the obstruction
• Arrange for medical help if necessary

Actions

If the obstruction is severe, the person is unable to speak, cry, cough or breathe follow this pattern

Back blows – give up to 5 back blows

• Give up to five blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand
• Check the mouth quickly after each one and remove any obvious obstruction

Abdominal thrusts – give up to 5 abdominal thrusts

• If obstruction is still present, give up to five abdominal thrusts
• Place a clenched fist above the casualty's navel, grasp your fist with your other hand and pull inwards and upwards
• Check the mouth quickly after each one

If the child is still in difficulties, call for emergency help. If the child loses consciousness, begin .

Continue until help arrives and resuscitate if necessary.

If you have given someone abdominal thrusts ensure they are seen by a Doctor as there is a risk of internal damage

This article was reviewed by the British Red Cross in December 2009.