Trench mouth Dr Rob Hicks Trench mouth is a painful bacterial infection with ulceration of the gums.

In this article

What is trench mouth? Symptoms

Causes and risk factors Treatment and recovery

Trench mouth is a rare form of gingivitis that usually develops suddenly when the normal mouth bacteria grow too heavily, causing infection and ulcers.

The gums quickly become painful, red and swollen, and may bleed in response to pressure or irritation. Fever and fatigue are often present.

Other possible symptoms include:

• Greyish film on the gums
• Foul taste in the mouth
• Bad breath
• Crater-like ulcers between the teeth

Left untreated, the infection can spread to the jawbone, lips or cheeks.

Those affected are usually under the age of 35. The risk of developing trench mouth is increased by:

• Poor oral hygiene and nutrition
• Infection of the mouth, teeth or throat
• Smoking
• Stress
• A weak immune system

It's not contagious. Maintaining good oral hygiene, eating a healthy diet, not smoking and keeping stress under control will reduce the risk of trench mouth developing.

Good oral hygiene, including brushing, flossing and mouth rinses are an effective treatment for trench mouth. A healthy diet and general health will also help.

Painkillers, local anaesthetic gels or mouthwashes and antibiotics may be recommended. Professional dental treatment may be required.

This article was last medically reviewed by Dr Gill Jenkins in June 2009.