Repetitive strain injury Dr Rob Hicks RSI (or occupational overuse syndrome, work-related upper limb injury or isometric contraction myopathy) is caused by repeated overuse and injury to the muscles of the hands, wrists, arms or shoulders.

In this article

What are the symptoms? Who's affected?

Can it be prevented? What's the treatment?

Symptoms of RSI may take months, even years, to appear. Initially, only a slight ache may be felt. As the problem gets worse, there's more marked pain while performing the repeated activity - when typing, for example.

Once the problem has become severe, pain may be felt most of the time, even with the slightest movement.

One or both upper limbs may be affected, depending on which is used to perform the activity responsible for the problem. As well as the pain, numbness and tingling may make holding objects difficult.

Anyone whose job or hobby involves repetitive movements is at risk of RSI. This risk is increased by spending long periods without a break, sitting on an uncomfortable seat, at a poorly arranged workstation.

At work, the computer keyboard and mouse are often responsible for RSI. Home computers, video games and text messaging also increase the risk. Workers on factory assembly lines, musicians, dressmakers and cleaners are also more likely to develop RSI.

You can reduce your risk of RSI by warming up and cooling down the muscles used, taking regular breaks throughout the day, having an appropriate workstation and seating position, and practising relaxation.

Treatment of RSI may include:

• Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs
• Heat and cold packs
• Elastic wrist supports or firm wrist splints
• Acupuncture, physiotherapy or osteopathy

This article was last medically reviewed by Dr Rob Hicks in July 2006.