Essential tasks for June This is a rewarding month in the garden as you start to see the fruits of your labours. Herbaceous borders come alive with colour and the vegetable patch is full of fresh pickings. Keep your garden looking its best with our guide to this month's jobs.

In this article

Flower garden Greenhouse

Kitchen garden General care

Lilies

Potted lilies will be growing quickly now and as their flowers start developing they will need some support. Push several canes into the compost around the edge of the pot, linking them up with string to provide stability. If border lilies are not supported by neighbouring plants, use stakes around these too.

Roses

Sprinkle rose fertiliser around roots to encourage strong growth and a good flower display. Water in if rain does not fall within a couple of weeks or hoe into the soil, taking care not to harm the roots.

Bearded iris

Once irises have finished flowering in June, congested clumps can be lifted, divided and replanted. Reduce the leaf area by half and replant so that the rhizomes rest at the soil surface. Use our guide to dividing irises to get the best results from your plants.

Primulas

Dig up large clumps now and divide into individual plants, each with leaves and roots. Replant into newly prepared soil. Learn more about these beautiful plants with our primula plant profile.

Summer bedding plants

Plant out tender bedding plants once all danger of frost has passed. If they have been grown in the greenhouse, harden off in a cold frame for a few days before planting out. Pots and trays of bedding plants can be placed on the patio during the day, but moved back under cover at night. Give them a boost by watering them in with liquid fertiliser.

Lupins and early perennials

Remember to cut off the old flower stems before they start to set seed. This will tidy the appearance of the plant but as an added bonus may even encourage a second flush of flowers. Also keep a watchful eye out for lupin aphids which should be controlled with an insecticide if necessary.

Cuttings

As soon as cuttings taken earlier in the season have produced a good root system, or plants have outgrown their pots, pot them into a slightly larger pot. Try and use the same compost as they were potted in before. Don't overfill with compost, but leave a gap at the top of the pot that can be watered into.

Fuchsias

Many young plants, including fuchsias, benefit from having their shoot tips pinched out to encourage branching. If left, shoots can grow very long and lanky, while pinching out creates bushier plants with more stems that ultimately carry more blooms. Our fuchsia plant profile has advice on which varieties to grow.

Take cuttings

Take cuttings of geraniums, fuchsias, coleus and other houseplants.

Hippeastrum

Pick off dead flowers and seed-heads, unless you are aiming to save seed for new plants. Let the stem die down naturally, then cut it away neatly at its base.

Feed containerised plants

Most composts only contain sufficient nutrients to feed plants for about four to six weeks after potting up. Potted plants will then benefit from a weekly liquid feed to promote strong growth and generous flowering and fruiting. Learn the best way to feed your plants with our handy guide.

Greenhouse shading

Paint greenhouses with a shading paint or put roller blinds or shade netting in place for hot days.

Tomatoes

Tap the blooms on greenhouse tomatoes to improve pollination. There are more tips for growing tomatoes in our guide to using a growing bag.

Vegetable seedlings

Thin out rows of vegetable seedlings growing from earlier sowings, such as beetroot, lettuce and radish. Final spacings are usually indicated on seed packets. Congested seedlings never reach their full potential, as they distort one another as they grow, resulting in a much smaller crop. Carefully pull out unwanted seedlings, leaving the rest at the desired spacing, then water the row to settle the soil back around the roots of the remaining ones. Crops to sow outside in early June include runner beans, dwarf French beans, kohl rabi, carrots, marrows, cauliflowers, peas, ridge cucumbers, sweet corn, swede, lettuce, endive, squashes and spinach. There's more advice in our growing fruit and vegetables section.

Look out for pests

As the weather warms up, and spring moves into summer, the garden becomes a real battleground, with pests attacking flowers, fruits and vegetables as soon as your back is turned. Be on the lookout for the first signs of attack, picking off any pests found. Weigh up the pros and cons of leaving plants to look after themselves and putting up with some damage, or applying regular preventive sprays to stop pests taking hold. For instance, gooseberries are almost always attacked by sawfly caterpillars and a preventive spray will stop leaves being eaten away to their skeletons.

Leeks

A good crop of slightly smaller leeks can be grown by multi-seeding them into modules of compost. Sown in February or March, modules can be planted out in May or June, leaving the leeks to grow in clumps. Space the modules 15cm to 20cm (6in to 8in) in rows 30cm (12in) apart.

Cane fruits

Tie new canes of raspberries and blackberries on to support wires as they grow. Keep them separate from last year's shoots which will flower and fruit this summer.

Bird control

Spread nets over soft fruit bushes, such as currants, and over strawberries growing in rows or in containers. Once blackbirds and other birds find fruits to their taste they will return again and again and will quickly strip plants of unprotected fruit.

Pruning shrubs

Many spring-flowering shrubs can be pruned as soon as their flowers have started to fade. Any shoots that have carried flowers can be cut back, shortening them to shape the shrub and control its size and vigour. Forsythia can grow large and ungainly if left to its own devices, so prune to give the shrub a definite shape and form. This and other shrubs, such as Berberis darwinnii, are sometimes grown as hedges, so can be pruned to give a more formal structure. All the flowering stems of Prunus triloba can be pruned to their woody base, while selective pruning on philadelphus and weigela stops them getting large and woody.

Pond weed

Twist blanket weed out of ponds with a long stick.

Lawns

Mow lawns more frequently and lower the cutting height if grass is growing very strongly. Our lawncare section has more tips on getting the perfect lawn.

You can also watch Alan's advice on how to feed your lawn and keep it looking good throughout the summer.

Encouraging buds

Sometimes buds on the stems of apple and pear trees remain dormant and don't develop. This isn't a problem unless you are trying to train the tree into a formal shape and need a shoot to grow from the exact position of the dormant bud. Notching is a technique you can use to try and force it into growth. Use a sharp knife to cut out a small piece of bark just above the bud. Do this during the growing season and the sap flowing along the stem will be directed towards the bud instead of by-passing it, and should encourage the bud to develop into a shoot.

Thin seedlings

Thin out seedlings of hardy annuals sown directly into borders.