Even numbers
Even numbers are numbers that are multiples of 2. In other words, numbers that can be divided by 2.

E.g. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 ...

Odd numbers
Odd numbers are any numbers that are not multiples of 2. In other words, numbers that can not be divided by 2.

E.g. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 ...

Factors
A factor of a number divides into it without a remainder.

E.g. Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.

Prime numbers
A prime number is a number with only two factors.

E.g. 7 has factors 1 and 7.

Multiples
The multiples of a number are those numbers which it will divide into exactly. These are all numbers that you will find in the times table.

E.g. Multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15 ...
      Multiples of 7 are 7, 14, 21 ...
      Multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36 ...

Square numbers
A square number is the result of a whole number being multiplied by itself. Square numbers have their own mathematical sign which is a small ²

E.g. 36 is a square number since 6 x 6 =36 = 6²
      25 is a square number since 5 x 5 = 25 = 5²

Cube numbers
A cube number is the result of a whole number being multiplied by itself three times. Cube numbers have their own mathematical sign which is a small ³

E.g. 1 is a cube number since 1 x 1 x 1 = 1 = 1³
      8 is a cube number since 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 = 2³
      125 is a cube number since 5 x 5 x 5 =125 = 5³

Triangular numbers
A triangular number is the number of dots that form a triangular arrangement.

E.g. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28 ...

Powers of 2
A power is a short hand way of indicating that you should multiply. It is a small superscript number placed above another number.

E.g. 2⁵ = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32
      2³ = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8
      2⁴= 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16