The last human alive, a demented computer, a neurotic hologram and a hygiene-obsessive android - not the most conventional cast of characters for a sitcom, but despite (or perhaps because of) this, Red Dwarf has become one of the BBC's most popular comedy exports.

The show's creators, Rob Grant and Doug Naylor, first got the idea after they wrote a short-lived radio series, called Son of Cliché, which was broadcast in two six-episode runs on BBC Radio 4 in 1984¹. The basic story told of a space cadet named Dave Hollins, who was trapped alone on a spaceship with a slightly senile computer called HAB (voiced by Chris Barrie). Though there was no real connection with their subsequent TV series, this show provided the genesis for Red Dwarf.

The TV series

Originally turned down by every major TV network, Red Dwarf was finally commissioned by BBC Midlands in the 1980s and was the first successful sci-fi comedy series since The Hitch-Hikers Guide to the Galaxy, 10 years before. Even then it was nearly scuppered two months later by a technicians' strike.

The Story

Set three million years in the future, the main plot revolves around a human, Dave Lister, who works onboard the Jupiter Mining Corporation ship Red Dwarf. Red Dwarf is five miles long and three miles deep with a crew of 500. Dave Lister, along with his room-mate Arnold Rimmer, is the lowest-ranked human on the ship.

After Lister is discovered to have smuggled aboard a stray cat called Frankenstein, he is placed in stasis (frozen in time) for the remainder of the tour of duty. But while he is asleep, a minor maintenance accident floods the entire ship with radiation, wiping out the crew. The ship's computer, Holly, decides to leave Dave in stasis until the radiation subsides... three million years later.

Dave learns that his only companions are 'Cat', a life-form that evolved from his old pet, Frankenstein; a hologram simulation of Arnold Rimmer, one of the dead crew and, ironically, the man in the Universe that Lister hates the most; and Holly, the ship's computer. Later on in their travels they recruit a mechanoid called Kryten who they find abandoned in the ruins of a crashed spaceship.

The Characters

Dave Lister (Craig Charles)

The last human in the universe, who has a penchant for curries and beer. Before his detention in stasis, he had an obsessive crush on crewmember Kristine Kochanski, an addiction to beer and vindaloo and a dream of owning an island in Fiji.

Arnold J Rimmer (Chris Barrie)

A hologram of Lister's shipmate, who was killed in the radiation leak. Only ranks slightly above Lister on Red Dwarf (the 'skutter' maintenance robots rank higher as they have a stronger union). Tends to write 'I am a fish' repeatedly on exam papers, before saluting and passing out. Is overly-impressed by officers and longs to be accepted into their ranks. His chances are very nearly less than nil. Like all holograms, Rimmer wears a shiny 'H' icon on his forehead.

The Cat (Danny John-Jules)

A highly evolved Feline sapiens, direct descendant of 'Frankenstein', the pregnant female cat Lister smuggled aboard. The best dressed being in the six known universes. His vanity is matched only by his desperation to lose his virginity with a willing female.

Kryten (Robert Llewellyn)

Sanitation android with a missing sanity chip, who irons bras on his head. He was rescued from the Nova 5 spaceship. After an accident, Lister was forced to rebuild Kryten from scratch. The result left Kryten with a faulty vocal chip that made his voice sound Canadian.

Holly (Norman Lovett - series 1-2, 7-8; Hattie Hayridge - series 3-6)

Red Dwarf's shipboard computer with an IQ of 6000. Sadly, being left with only his own artificial intelligence for company has left Holly a little unstable. After meeting a female version of himself in a parallel universe, Holly decided to give himself a head sex-swap, though after he was rebuilt by nanobots he returned to his old face.

Kristine Z Kochanski (Claire Grogan - series 1-2; Chloe Annette (Series 7+)

In the original timeline, Kochanski died along with the rest of the Red Dwarf crew. She did, however, appear in flashbacks and as a hologram (in reality Rimmer pretending to be her to trick Lister). However, the Red Dwarf crew later met a version of Kochanski from a parallel universe where she, not Lister, was placed in stasis. She decided to cross over to Lister's dimension and continue her travels as a member of the Red Dwarf crew.

The Theme Song

The show's end credits were rolled over a cheery, camp theme song which contains some particularly bizarre lyrics (Lyrics and music by Howard Goodall):

It's cold outside
There's no kind of atmosphere
I'm all alone
More or less
Let me fly, far away from here
Fun, fun, fun in the sun, sun, sun
I want to lie
Shipwrecked and comatose
Drinking fresh
Mango juice
Goldfish shoals, nibbling at my toes
Fun, fun, fun in the sun, sun, sun
Fun, fun, fun in the sun, sun, sun
I'll pack my bags And head into hyperspace
Velocity at time-warp speed
Spend my days in ultraviolet rays
Fun, fun, fun in the sun, sun, sun
We're locked on course
Straight through the universe
You and me
And the galaxy
Reached this stage, this hyperpathic age
Fun, fun, fun in the sun, sun, sun
Fun, fun, fun in the sun, sun, sun

Episode Guide

Series 1 - 1988

• 'The End' (15 February)
• 'Future Echoes' (22 February)
• 'Balance of Power' (29 February)
• 'Waiting For God' (7 March)
• 'Confidence and Paranoia' (14 March)
• 'Me2' (21 March)

Series 2 - 1988

• 'Kryten' (6 September)
• 'Better Than Life' (13 September)
• 'Thanks for the Memory' (20 September)
• 'Stasis Leak' (27 September)
• 'Queeg' (4 October)
• 'Parallel Universe' (11 October)

Series 3 - 1989

• 'Backwards' (14 November)
• 'Marooned' (21 November)
• 'Polymorph' (28 November)
• 'Bodyswap' (5 December)
• 'Timeslides' (12 December)
• 'The Last Day' (19 December)

Series 4 - 1991

• 'Camille' (14 February)
• 'DNA' (21 February)
• 'Justice' (28 February)
• 'White Hole' (7 March)
• 'Dimension Jump' (14 March)
• 'Meltdown' (21 March)

Series 5 - 1992

• 'Holoship' (20 February)
• 'The Inquisitor' (27 February)
• 'Terrorform' (5 March)
• 'Quarantine' (12 March)
• 'Demons and Angels' (19 March)
• 'Back To Reality' (26 March)

Series 6 - 1993

• 'Psirens' (7 October)
• 'Legion' (14 October)
• 'Gunmen of the Apocalypse' (21 October)
• 'Emohawk: Polymorph II' (28 October)
• 'Rimmerworld' (4 November)
• 'Out of Time' (11 November)

Series 7 - 1997

• 'Tikka to Ride' (17 January)
• 'Stoke Me A Clipper' (24 January)
• 'OUROBOROS' (31 January)
• 'Duct Soup' (7 February)
• 'Blue' (14 February)
• 'Beyond a Joke' (21 February)
• 'Epideme' (28 February)
• 'Nanarchy' (7 March)

Series 8 - 1999

• 'Back in the Red, Part 1' (18 February)
• 'Back in the Red, Part 2' (25 February
• 'Back in the Red, Part 3' (4 March)
• 'Cassandra' (11 March)
• 'Krytie TV' (18 March)
• 'Pete' (25 March)
• 'Pete II: Captain's Office' (1 April)
• 'Only the Good' (5 April)

The Books

Novels

• Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers by Grant Naylor²
• Better than Life by Grant Naylor
• Backwards by Grant Naylor
• The Last Human by Doug Naylor

Factual Books

• The Official Red Dwarf Companion by Bruce Dessau
• Red Dwarf Programme Guide by Chris Howarth and Steve Lyons
• Red Dwarf - Primordial Soup: The Least Worst Scripts by Grant Naylor
• Red Dwarf - Son of Soup by Grant Naylor
• The Making of Red Dwarf by Joe Nazzaro
• Red Dwarf Space Corps Survival Manual by Doug Naylor and Paul Alexander
• Red Dwarf Log No. 1996 by Paul Alexander
• The Log: A Dwarfer's Guide to Everything by Craig Charles and Russell Bell
• The Man in the Rubber Mask by Robert Llewellyn

American Dwarf

The American NBC network and Universal commissioned a pilot for a prospective American version. The character of Lister was changed to be more of a 'Han Solo' than the slob of the British version, while Holly was played by Jane Leeves who would later find fame as a castmember of the US sit-com Frasier. The 'H' on Rimmer's forehead was replaced by a silver ball and, significantly, both of the roles originally played by black actors were recast as Caucasian for fear of 'political incorrectness'.

Cast - The First Pilot

This pilot was not enough to gain a commission and a second pilot was requested. Refilming the scenes that involved characters that had been recast (including those with The Cat, now played by Terry Farrell, who would go on to play Jadzia Dax on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), the second pilot also included model footage taken from the British show, while Rimmer's 'H' was restored.

Cast - The Second Pilot

This second pilot also failed to convince the executives of the worth of the project and Red Dwarf USA was abandoned.

Further Reading

• The official Red Dwarf website, which contains videoclips and pictures from all the episodes as well as news about the film project.

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¹ The script for one of the 'Dave Hollins, Space Cadet' sketches is included in the book The Red Dwarf Omnibus.
² The collective pen-name for Doug Grant and Rob Naylor