BBC BLOGS - Today: Tom Feilden

A new home

Tom Feilden | 12:06 UK time, Monday, 23 May 2011

Thanks for reading my blog. From today, it's moving to a new home.

As well as being able to read my comments on science and the environment, you'll now be able to view my other contributions, including picture galleries and audio slide shows, pick up tweets, and listen to my reports for the Today programme.

You can find it here.

Saturn loses its cool

Tom Feilden | 11:50 UK time, Friday, 20 May 2011

Saturn northern storm in infrared and visible light

In Roman mythology Saturn is the God of the harvest who presides over a golden age of abundance and peace.

Well, not any more. Beneath the planet's normally serene façade a massive, angry storm is broiling: A storm so powerful it stretches around the entire northern hemisphere and has produced a 3,000 mile-wide dark vortex similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.

Caught on film by infrared cameras on the ESO's Very Large Telescope and NASA's Cassini spacecraft, these fantastic images, published in the journal Science, show a phenomenon recorded only six times since 1876 in unprecedented detail.

As spring comes to Saturn's northern hemisphere - an event that occurs only once every 30 earth years - variations in temperature drive giant convection currents through the planet's normally stable upper atmosphere.

"This disturbance creates a gigantic, violent and complex eruption of bright cloud material" according to the lead author of the study, Oxford University's Dr Leigh Fletcher. "By observing it in infrared for the first time we can reveal hidden regions of the atmosphere and measure the really substantial chasnges in temperatures and winds".

It's the first major storm on Saturn observed by an orbiting spacecraft. Cassini's CIRS infrared spectrometer initially detected the disturbance as it emerged in December 2010, but researchers have been surprised by its strength.

"Our new observations show the storm has had a major effect on the atmosphere" says Brigette Hesman, a scientist working on the CIRS team at NASA's Goddard Space Centre. "If you were flying in an airplane on Saturn the storm would reach so high it would probably be impossible to avoid it."

A new and sharper view on the cosmos

Tom Feilden | 10:34 UK time, Thursday, 31 March 2011

An artist's impression of telescope dishes at the heart of the network

Scientists and engineers from more than 20 countries meet in Rome today to decide whether the UK (or Germany or the Netherlands), should host the project office for the biggest radio telescope the world has ever seen.

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) has been dubbed astronomy's answer to the Large Hadron Collider - a multi billion Euro project that will dramatically improve our understanding of the universe and take us beyond Einsteinian physics.

The telescope is actually not one, but some 3,000 individual dishes all connected together in a series of spiralling arms (it looks a bit like a spiral galaxy), and giving an overall collecting area of a square kilometre - hence the name.

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Because of the vast area of land required, and the need to keep interference from mobile phones, electrical appliances, even people, to a minimum just two front runners have emerged to host the array: A Southern African bid based in the Karoo desert in the northern Cape; and an Australia-New Zealand consortium centred on Murchison in the Western Territory.

But in a sense it doesn't really matter where the dishes are located. What matters, according to the professor of Astrophysics at Oxford University Steve Rawlings, is the resolution they give on the cosmos.

"Even phase one of the Square Kilometre Array is getting on for being a hundred times more sensitive than instruments we have at the moment. That's a massive improvement in capability".

That first phase of the project will allow astronomers to study the so called "dark ages" of the universe, the period before the first stars began to shine, in unprecedented detail. It should confirm the existence of gravitational waves, the ripples in space-time predicted in Einstein's theory of general relativity.

But the real power of the SKA may be to take us beyond Einsteinian physics to explore the structure of dark matter and dark energy.

Before all that can happen, scientists, engineers and government officials meeting in Rome have a series of more mundane decisions to make on funding, the administrative structure of the project, and where all this astronomical data comes back down to earth.

An announcement on the UK bid to host the SKA project office at the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics is expected on Saturday.

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