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BBC BLOGS - James Reynolds' China

Archives for January 2009

Wen Jiabao's 'Confidence Trip' to Europe

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James Reynolds | 12:30 UK time, Saturday, 31 January 2009

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China's Premier Wen Jiabao is currently on a tour of Europe. The Chinese state media calls it his "Trip of Confidence".

Mr Wen's last stop is the UK. Britain's Prime Minister Gordon Brown has given a written interview to China's state-run news agency, Xinhua, praising ties between the two countries.

I'm sure we'll hear from Mr Wen himself when he's in the UK.

Here's what I want to know: if you could interview China's Premier, what would you ask him?

I'll come up with my own questions in a bit - but I'm interested to hear yours first.

China's new generation gap

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James Reynolds | 10:53 UK time, Friday, 23 January 2009

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While we were in Hubei, my colleague and I went to a village to see what life is like for migrant workers who've come back for the holidays.

In the village of Xinli, the most exciting attraction is a half-broken snooker table set up by the side of the main road. Two young men on their new year holiday play a few frames. No one's watching.

Wang Jiao.jpgAcross the road, 20-year-old Wang Jiao catches up with her family for the first time in months. She works at a textile factory in southern China. She's one of this country's 200 million or so migrant workers. The money they make has changed the way that China lives. Wang Jiao's wages - and the money brought in by her brothers and sisters - have allowed their family to buy a fridge, a computer and a washing machine.

"After I graduated from secondary school I didn't have much to do," says Wang Jiao, "So I went out to work like the others. There are some jobs here but in the south it's easier to earn more money."

After this new year holiday ends, Wang Jiao will go back to her job in the south. But this year many millions more will have to stay at home in the countryside. Their jobs are gone. A few minutes walk away, we reach the home and small rice farm of the Chen family.

Chen Fang'an and Chen ZhongweiChen Zhongwei looks on as his parents make new year candles from a bucket of wax. Zhongwei, who's 26, used to work as a security guard in southern China. He'd planned to stay in the south to open a restaurant. But his factory lost orders, and his wages were cut. So now he's back home in the countryside without a job.

"I feel it's so dull when I come back to my village," says Chen Zhongwei, "I can't find any passion here. Young people like me won't consider farming. If we farm, we will be seen as useless."

His father - Chen Fang'an - stands quietly nearby. He's not used to talking to foreigners. But there is something on his mind.

"I have two sons," says Chen Fang'an, "Neither of them is married. The bad economy means that we can't find wives for them. Matchmakers are unwilling to introduce girls to our sons."

The problem that China now faces can be summed up in the difference between this father and son. The father, in his worn-out clothes, grew up during famine and revolution. His main hope has simply been to survive. The son, in jeans and smarter shoes, has grown up during peace and expansion. His hope has been for a better life. Now for the first time, there's a problem.

This year, Chen Zhongwei and millions more find that they can't get the life they want. But they will no longer accept the life their parents have led.

Taking the new year train (2)

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James Reynolds | 12:35 UK time, Thursday, 22 January 2009

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Time to report on the train journey I went on the other day. To recap, around two hundred million Chinese people have been going home for the Chinese New Year. It's the world's biggest annual migration of people.

My colleague, Dandan Chen, and I began our journey late at night at Beijing West Railway Station with tickets on carriage 10 of the L43 train to southern China (our tickets cost 115 rmb or $17 US.)

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[UPDATE, 15:55PM: Click here to see audio slide show of the migrant journey.]

It was a scramble to get on board. Not everyone made it onto the right train. Just before we left, the on board announcer broadcast a special call to one passenger.

"Your friend says you're on the wrong train. You need to get on the train on the opposite platform," the announcer said in an even voice. Everyone in the carriage laughed.

In the seconds before the train left, there was a bit of panic. Several passengers tried to jump onto the train - but were pushed off by a female steward. She was doing them a favour - it turns out that they were trying to get onto the wrong train. It was a common mistake at a station whose departure board advertised 151 trains.

At 12.41am - exactly on time - our train left with a judder. Some people had seats, or bunks. Others stood in the aisle. One family crouched in between carriages.

"Once we got onto the train, we spotted this little space," said Wang Yingdi, "So we rushed to occupy it. Last night I had to hold my daughter in the cold. This journey is a very painful experience. But if we don't go home, we'll miss our parents. After all, this is the only chance we get to reunite with our families."

Her eight-year-old daughter, Yi Liping, didn't seem to mind the discomfort too much, "I like the train because I can see the scenery," she said.

Crowded train

Many passengers on board train L43 were migrant workers going home for the first time in a year. In recent years, more than 200 million workers have left their homes in the countryside in search of work in cities - often as construction workers. But China's now been hit by the world's economic crisis. So, millions of these migrant workers have now lost their jobs.

"There's no work at home," said Yan Fumin, sitting in carriage three, "So I have to go out to find a job - wherever I can. But the competition is getting tougher - people are offering to work for low wages. I have three children at school. If I don't go out to work, where will I get the money to support them?"

"This last month I could only get a dozen days' work - much less than before," said Li Deyi, sitting opposite, "It is very bad. I can't get enough work. I can only bring home 1000 rmb this year ($145 US). I can barely have a good new year. I'm a farmer but the crop prices are very low. So we have to go out to get any work we can find."

At night most people on board tried to sleep (I was lucky enough to get a few hours sleep on a spare bunk - but woke up with frozen feet.)

In the morning, a restaurant car sold breakfast for 30 rmb ($4US). But most people brought their own supplies of nuts and instant noodles. The train was kept clean by stewards who swept the floors every hour or so. Many passengers spent their time playing poker or listening to music on their mobile phones. Some watched DVDs on a laptop computer. One woman dozed for hours on a luggage rack.

After 17 hours, my colleague and I got out at a station in the Hubei province. I was semi-grubby, with recently thawed feet. Would I do it again? In an instant.

PS - I can safely quash the urban legend that passengers on these trips have to wear astronaut-style diapers because of a lack of toilet facilities (a point of extreme fascination to people I spoke to when we first suggested doing this journey). I can state that train L43 had plenty of loos which were all kept very clean.

The wrong side of history

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James Reynolds | 08:24 UK time, Wednesday, 21 January 2009

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Bad news for President Obama. The one country which may decide America's future prosperity was largely asleep when he took the oath of office. The framers of the US Constitution didn't have a peak time Chinese TV audience in mind when they drew up the presidential inauguration time (12 noon Washington DC time is 1am China time).

Chinese girl in front of Obama portraitThat means that most people in China only got their first look at Mr Obama's inaugural address when they woke up on Wednesday morning. That's where it gets interesting. We've found that some Chinese state media outlets have left out some important passages of the president's address.

Even those who stayed up late at night would have noticed something odd. Have a look at the moment that Chinese state TV cut back to the presenter when Mr Obama referred to communism.

This is one of the passages that hasn't made it into the Chinese translations of the address: "To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history"

This passage is strikingly similar to something said by one of Mr Obama's predecessors: "When it comes to human rights and religious freedom, China remains on the wrong side of history" (President Bill Clinton, June 1998).

"The wrong side of history" - apparently not a phrase the Chinese authorities like to hear.

Looking to Gaza... and America

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James Reynolds | 09:15 UK time, Tuesday, 20 January 2009

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Earlier this month, during Israel's offensive in Gaza, I told you that China had yet to send its Middle East envoy back to the region.

An update for you: China's envoy, Sun Bigan, has now been back to the Middle East. This afternoon, in Beijing, he held a news conference to report on his trip.

Mr Sun told us that China was seeking a long-term solution to the conflict and that China would continue to promote talks for peace. He said that Israel should stop its actions in Gaza and that Hamas should stop its rocket fire.

Standard diplomatic words... delivered at a time when it's fair to say that almost no-one outside China was listening. The main offensive in Gaza appears to be over. And Mr Sun's news conference took place on a day in which the world's attention is elsewhere.

Mark Ndesandjo, the intensely private half-brother of President-elect Barack Obama, gives the thumbs up at a charity concert in Shenzhen, southern China, Friday, Jan. 16, 2009. The press release for the concert didn

One man in China may be more excited about Barack Obama's inauguration than everyone else. On its front page, the China Daily newspaper reports on Mark Ndesandjo, who is one of Mr Obama's half-brothers. The paper says that Mr Ndesanjado has lived in the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen for the last seven years (the paper reports that he is a vegetarian who practises Chinese calligraphy).

His half-brother's swearing in as the 44th US President takes place at 1am China time. I'll stay up to see how Chinese TV covers it.

Serfs' Emancipation Day

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James Reynolds | 08:38 UK time, Monday, 19 January 2009

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There's a simple, easy way for governments across the world to lock into place their own particular views of history: create a national holiday.

I was in the Green Zone in Baghdad in July 2003 to cover the first ever meeting of the Iraqi Governing Council, following the fall of Saddam Hussein. The council needed to make its mark quickly. So its first interim president opened the proceedings by declaring a new national holiday: 9 April - Baghdad Liberation Day. The audience cheered.

In Chile, the military government of General Augusto Pinochet made the anniversary of his coup - 11 September - a national holiday. On this day citizens were ordered to place Chilean national flags outside their homes (opponents of the military regime, at great risk, often refused to do so). When democracy returned to Chile in 1990, this national holiday was abolished.

In the Middle East, the same event - the creation of the state of Israel in May 1948 - is marked by contrasting commemorations. Israel celebrates Independence Day, while Palestinians mark Nakba (or Catastrophe) Day.

Chinese National DayChina already has its own independence day holiday - 1 October. The country also celebrates the Chinese New Year and then Labour Day in May. But in its most contested region the government has decided that one more holiday is needed.

The parliament in Tibet, which is loyal to Beijing, has just passed a bill by unanimous consent. From now on, 28 March will be celebrated every year in Tibet as Serfs' Emancipation Day. China has picked this date to commemorate the day that the Communist Party announced the dissolution of the Dalai Lama's government structure in Tibet in 1959 - following the escape into exile of the Dalai Lama a few days beforehand. China says that this dissolution freed about 1 million Tibetans from serfdom and slavery.

China's position on Tibet is built on two beliefs: firstly, that Tibet is an integral part of Chinese sovereign territory; secondly, that the Chinese Communist Party liberated the Tibetan people from the oppressive, feudal rule of the Dalai Lama. China is keen to promote its beliefs - particularly because the 50th anniversary of the Dalai Lama's escape is just a few weeks away (the 49th anniversary a year ago led to widespread protests). Creating a new national holiday locks the official Chinese position into the calendar.

Tibetan groups in exile see it all very differently. For them, the events of March 1959 and the exile of the Dalai Lama from his homeland were a tragedy. One exile group has called the new holiday an effort at rewriting history which is provocative and irresponsible.

PS: I'm back from my New Year train trip and am busy putting together all the material my colleague and I recorded along the way.

Taking the new year train

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James Reynolds | 13:28 UK time, Thursday, 15 January 2009

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The world's biggest annual migration is getting started. Every year in China around 200 million people go home for the Chinese new year. Passengers at Guangzhou railway station

Most of the new year travellers are migrant workers, people who've left poor villages in the countryside to find work in richer coastal provinces. Many of these workers can only afford to get home once a year - at new year. Most travel home by train.

I'll be joining some of these workers on their way back home. My colleague and I have bought third-class hard seat tickets on an overnight train from Beijing to the central province of Henan.

I'll let you know how our journey goes.

Petitioners protest in Beijing

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James Reynolds | 08:36 UK time, Wednesday, 14 January 2009

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One thing worries the government in China right now: public protest. The world economy's got worse. That means that people in this country are losing their jobs. Here's the equation the Communist Party fears: fewer jobs = more protests.

Even before the economic downturn, the Chinese government counted tens of thousands of demonstrations - or "mass incidents" - every year. Most of these protests take place well away from public view. Some of the demonstrations are filmed by the protesters themselves - who then post their footage onto the internet. Occasionally, we're able to cover protests ourselves. We usually take the chance to do so - it's important for us to report on what people are angry about, and how their actions are dealt with by the authorities. Policeman and petitioner

This morning a group of 70-80 demonstrators gathered outside the State Council press office in Beijing. These protesters were petitioners, ordinary people who appeal to the government to hear their individual cases. A petition is often a desperate last-resort - petitioners have usually spent years trying and failing to get justice through the courts.

As soon as my colleague and I arrived, a handful of petitioners approached us and began to tell us their stories.

Zhou Yafeng"My two daughters were killed in hospital because of radiation," Zhou Yafeng told us through tears, "I am asking for government's help because it's too slow to turn to the courts. You can see all the information from my documents including legal certificate on my daughters' death."

Other petitioners held up signs telling their own stories. Many tried to hand out photocopies of their petitions. One woman jammed a copy of hers into my jacket pocket.

A dozen or so police officers stood nearby. After a few minutes they taped off an area of pavement outside the State Council press office and told the petitioners to stand in one area. Most did so.

On the main road next to the protest traffic carried on normally. Bus passengers going by would have caught a brief sight of a group of people holding up signs, but nothing more.

One police officer asked to see our press cards. He then escorted us to another officer who wrote down our names and ID numbers in a dog-eared notebook.

We left shortly afterwards. As we drove away, two protesters threw copies of their petitions into the back seat of our car.

How to spot a fake banknote

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James Reynolds | 10:17 UK time, Monday, 12 January 2009

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Check your Chinese money - if you happen to have any down the back of your sofa. Reports here say that there's an epidemic of fake Chinese banknotes in circulation.

In particular, forgers are said to have gone after the highest value note - the 100 RMB ($14.62) note. It's worth knowing that all Chinese bank notes from 1 RMB upwards feature the same portrait of Chairman Mao. I'm not sure whether or not this makes the notes easier to forge.

So, how do you spot a fake note in China? If you've got enough (real) money, you can buy a note-checking machine. If you don't, you've got to follow a four-point checklist: look, touch, listen, test. (The "listen" refers to the sound a real banknote should make when you crinkle it. Fake notes, of course, don't crinkle.)

A shop clerk with a Santa hat on checks a 100-Chinese renminbi note Wednesday, Dec. 3, 2008, in Shanghai, China. (AP Photo)

And what happens if you've gone through the checklist, but have still been left with a dud note? Tough luck, appears to be the answer. You're meant to hand it into the bank, but you won't get a real one in exchange.

For some people in China, it's all pretty exasperating. "Now everything is fake, including what we eat, drink and wear. It is terrible," posts one internet user.

Does this man remind you of anyone?

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James Reynolds | 09:37 UK time, Wednesday, 7 January 2009

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mao_xinyu_reuters432.jpg

This is Mao Xinyu, the 38-year-old grandson of Chairman Mao.

Grandson Mao is a senior colonel in the People's Liberation Army. He's now become well-known here as a blogger. The readers of the People's Daily online have just voted his blog the most popular of the last year.

Mao's blog is largely dedicated to an appreciation of his grandfather, who died when he was six years old. The founder of communist China is still admired by many people here - despite the fact that millions died because of famine and conflict during his rule (an official Communist Party verdict delivered after his death ruled - with precision - that Chairman Mao was 70% right and 30% wrong).

"The greatest happiness of my life and satisfaction come from a real understanding of a great man. And he is my grandfather," grandson Mao writes.

In an interview, grandson Mao leaves no doubt about his feelings...

Q: You have said that your grandfather is god; is he a perfect man to you?
A: Yes.

mao_portrait203.jpgMao Xinyu's resemblance to his grandfather means that he tends to get stopped whenever he goes out in public. Last March, I watched him try to make his way to a political conference at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, held just a few metres away from his grandfather's mausoleum. Grandson Mao had to stop every few steps to pose for pictures with delighted Chairman Mao fans (my own attempts to speak to him didn't go so well - he ran down the steps of the Hall to avoid doing an interview). Enjoy his blog.

China and Gaza

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James Reynolds | 10:21 UK time, Tuesday, 6 January 2009

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Shortly after Hamas won Palestinian parliamentary elections in January 2006, I went to Gaza to find out how victory had changed a movement mostly known for its armed activities (I was one of the BBC's Middle East Correspondents at the time).

My colleagues and I interviewed a senior Hamas leader, Mahmoud Zahar, who'd just been appointed Foreign Minister. We asked him about the fact that many Western governments had decided to boycott the Hamas-led administration. He didn't seem to mind the boycott all that much. He let us know that he was in a hurry because he had to go off to meet a Chinese delegation. Now, of course, I wish I'd asked him exactly who whom he was planning to meet.

China isn't particularly known for its diplomatic involvement in the Middle East conflict. One of China's famous ground rules has been not to get too involved in other people's conflicts.

But as China's power has grown, that ground rule has begun to erode. In order to protect its own position, China now finds that it cannot always sit to one side. So, this country now plays an active role in diplomatic talks with both North Korea and Iran. It's got its own special envoy to Darfur. It takes part in negotiations over climate change and world trade.

In other words, if you want to solve any of the world's major problems you've got to get China involved.

Because of this, some have called for China to play a much bigger role in resolving the crisis in Gaza. There's an argument that China is the only permanent member of the United Nations Security Council which would be seen as a neutral broker in the conflict.

But so far, China has decided to engage at its own pace. The Chinese government has called for an end to armed conflict in Gaza. The Foreign Ministry has announced a donation of $1m in humanitarian aid to the Palestinian people.

You may be surprised to learn that China does actually have its own Special Envoy to the Middle East. The envoy's name is Ambassador Sun Bigan. He's been doing the job since April 2006. He is a deliberately low-profile, even semi-anonymous figure. During recent days he's been holding talks here in Beijing with foreign diplomats. "He will be making unremitting efforts" to secure a ceasefire, says the Foreign Ministry.

For now, these efforts do not appear to include an immediate trip to the Middle East itself. The Foreign Ministry has declined to say when Mr Sun might return to the region.

Altered picture opens eyes

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James Reynolds | 11:36 UK time, Monday, 5 January 2009

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If you watch the Chinese state TV news, you might get the impression that Chinese officials have more stamina than anyone else in the world. Almost every evening here, news bulletins show rows and rows of officials faithfully listening to long speeches made by Communist Party leaders. The TV pictures show the officials carefully noting down their leaders' words for further study later on. None of the officials ever shows any trace of boredom whatsoever - no matter how long or how dreary the speech they're listening to. Compare this to the House of Lords in the UK where for many years the standard listening position bore a striking resemblance to the dozing position.

But occasionally there's a bit of a slip. Have a look at these two versions of a single picture taken at a conference on commercial scams held in China's southern province of Yunnan.

The first version shows the man in the the blue t-shirt with his eyes comfortably shut. Look closely at the man to his right - he may have his eyes closed as well. This picture was originally put up on an official propaganda noticeboard. It's not the kind of thing you tend to see in the official media (you can get into serious trouble here for sleeping during a conference.) The authorities were informed. This embarrassing version was quickly replaced by the new, improved version reprinted below it. This time the gentlemen's eyes are open - painted open, say Chinese bloggers. It's one way to look interested.

Apology by text message

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James Reynolds | 10:10 UK time, Friday, 2 January 2009

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Almost every day here, I get a text message in Chinese from the number 10086. This is a general service number which sends out promotional messages from the phone company and also public service announcements from the government - eg "Traffic's bad on such-and-such road in Beijing" or "It's going to be very cold tomorrow".

Usually you just ignore these messages. But at 9.19pm on Thursday night, something more interesting from 10086 landed in my in-box.

"Today 22 dairy companies including Sanlu have this message for you: We are very sorry to have caused harm to all children and society because of the problematic milk powder. We offer our sincere apologies, and plead for forgiveness. We have resolved to learn the lessons from this and to make sure that no substandard products are made in the future. We welcome supervision from all walks of society. We are operating a compensation system for the families of the sick babies, and are setting up a medical fund for more treatment for those who recover from kidney disease. We wish you and your family a happy new year."

As you may have guessed, this message refers to a story which first broke in September. Baby milk formula in China was found to be contaminated with the industrial chemical melamine. Six babies died and tens of thousands more were treated for kidney stones.

This week, executives from the Sanlu dairy group went on trial. But dairy companies clearly felt that they needed a more direct way of saying sorry. So they used 10086.

But for some parents, text message apologies, trials, and compensation funds aren't enough.

Earlier today, a group of parents whose children got sick from contaminated milk powder invited the foreign media to a news conference at a hotel in Beijing. In China, the decision to speak publicly to international reporters on a sensitive topic carries a certain degree of risk. The police will want to know who's talking and what they're saying.

I went with a colleague to the parents' news conference. Things began badly -the parents we met told us that the police had stopped five of their group from attending. Then, the hotel decided not to allow the remaining parents to speak to us inside the lobby. So we all went outside into the cold. A security guard shooed us away from the hotel's foreground car park. We gathered again by a nearby, non-descript wall. A police car parked nearby.

Lan Juanxian"We are here today to claim rights for our babies," said Lan Juanxian, the mother of 14-month-old twin sons who were both diagnosed with kidney stones.

"Our babies have been diagnosed with kidney stones, but we don't know what other diseases they will contract when they grow up. We know that the government has a compensation plan. My babies can get 2000 yuan ($290) according to the plan. But I can't accept that amount. The money I spent on Sanlu's milk powder is much more than that. Plus my babies have not fully recovered. What about the future?"

"We are consumers. According to laws, we have every right to ask the dairy companies to do something for us," said Jiang Yalin, whose 17-month-old daughter was diagnosed with kidney stones.

"The dairy companies are the ones to blame because they added toxic materials to their products. The government is good since it provides free medical diagnosis and treatment for our babies. I think it is a responsible government... although we don't agree with the current compensation plan, the government is starting to press the companies to set up a medical fund. I believe they can do it better in the future."

A news conference like this one tends to be covered by two sets of people: reporters, and smartly-dressed men filming the reporters.

From experience, it's fair to assume that the people filming the reporters are plain-clothes police officers. At this news conference, I counted around half a dozen men hovering around, taking pictures of the event.

Chinese man takes a photo using his mobile phoneThey didn't interfere with our work - Chinese law states that foreign reporters need only the consent of their interviewees, not the police. Instead, their task appeared to be to document the news conference in as much detail as possible. So, as one man took a picture of me, I took a picture of him.

The parents say that they will continue their campaign for full, long-term medical treatment for their children. I'll let you know if I get any more interesting texts from 10086.

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